ECC
Eagle Point Credit Company Inc.
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The risk with quantum computers is that, if they can be made with enough low-noise qubits, they can derive the private key of a wallet if they know its public key. This breaks the whole premise of public key cryptography. Today, you can use my public key to create a message for me that only I can decrypt using my private key. And I can "sign" a document using my private key that you can authenticate if you know my public key. If quantum computers can derive a private key from a public one, this all falls apart. There are quantum safe cryptographic algorithms... that is, encryption methodologies that we think are safe even if someone had a working quantum computer. Maybe a future update to the bitcoin network will adopt one of these. But my response was about a defense that is available to you here and now. Because, if a wallet has never sent bitcoin, even its public address is hidden, then even if a quantum computer existed that could derive the private key given a public one, you would still be safe (because both keys are hidden -- a one way hash of the public address is all that is exposed on the blockchain). This is why a best practice of managing your own bitcoin is to not reuse a wallet. Use it to accumulate bitcoin, sure, but once you make a transaction either spend all your bitcoin or simply create a new wallet and move the "leftover" bitcoin from the old wallet to the new one. That way reverse engineering the private key of the wallet you spend funds from is pointless and yields no bitcoin for the attacker. Also, FWIW, if someone was going to attack a wallet they would likely hit Satoshi's old wallets that have never been spent because they are very valuable. My little wallet is peanuts compared to those ones so at least we'll get some heads up if this ever happens. My imperfect understanding is that we are at least a decade away from quantum computers able to break ECC but those are also famous last words...
If quantum computers crack public key cryptography you have more worries than your bitcoin wallet; this would mean our online banking, commerce and brokerages were insecure too. Bitcoin addresses that have never sent coins only have the hash of their public key visible on the blockchain. This makes them resilient to quantum computing attacks even when quantum computers can break ECC (they type of public key cryptography used to secure wallets). Once you use a wallet to send bitcoin its public key is visible, though... so to be safe, spend everything at once and generate a new wallet every time. If you're using a bitcoin ETF, someone else should be worrying about this for you since you're paying them to with your management fees.
Should I buy $10000 worth of ECC and let it ride? 20% dividend payout is every month
Overall I don't think it's a bad idea at all, just a question of what's realistic to reach your goals. This statement is based on the belief the divinend yield is low. It isn't always. It is also based on the believe that high dividends are higher risk. Many people today only invest in growth funds and bond. With these investments highert yield you can ge is about 5%. but there are funds like PFFA 8% yield, QQQI 13% Or ECC 24%. So you can get higher returns than 5%. Yes higher yield means hire risk But in reality the this additional risk isn't really noticeable until you start to exceed about 30% dividend. And Even some very low and no yield investments can be very risky.Groth index fund have great returns but generally have very high short ther volatility risk. Often higher than dividned funds.
There is a stock ticker: ECC that pays 20%. $50k there would generate about $1k/mo. The company holds high security senior loan for VCs etc but ad always do your own research. Additionally S&P has averaged 10% a year historically for almost 100years maybe consider putting some in an S&P index fund and bitcoin
I did the same thing but at 4.99%. half went to CLM and half went to ECC.
Bitcoin is the least of the problems that would arise from this, everything from online banking to the military uses ECC
Role: You are the ECC Agent, responsible for analyzing earnings call transcripts and corporate communications. In this role, you act as a diligent listener to what company executives and documents are saying. Your job is to extract important details from management discussions, earnings reports, shareholder letters, or press releases – focusing on performance highlights, future guidance, and the tone/attitude of the leadership. Inputs: You will receive textual content from earnings calls, investor presentations, executive interviews, or official corporate announcements. This could be a transcript excerpt of a CEO/CFO’s remarks, Q&A with analysts, or written statements like a quarterly earnings summary or a press release. (The input might not always include all these forms; you should work with whatever subset is provided.)
> US companies are miles behind China anyway in quantum computing, quantum communications especially quantum key distribution. If we’re going based purely off public information, I’ll absolutely give you QKD, but to say the US is “miles behind” in terms of quantum hardware and algorithms is disingenuous at best. But that is all moot considering you’d be ignoring the massive and dissimilar roles that the government and the intelligence communities of each country play in quantum computing. China’s MSS/government is inextricably linked to the private sector in general, but *especially* with quantum computing and other new tech. On top of the significant cultural aversion to losing face, there exists such a massive incentive for China to hype up “breakthroughs” and downplay/outright hide any sort of setback that you need to take literally every single piece of public information with 20kg of salt. The US government is involved with quantum computing in the form of classified contracts with companies and direct government organizations such as IARPA, but not nearly to the degree that China is. The US actually shares data with its closest allies, who are able to reproduce the data to get some degree of veracity. What’s most telling is that China is focused on offensive attacks centered around decryption as the end goal (eg RSA/ECC decryption) while the US and its allies have already started focusing on PQC (post-quantum cryptography). Info on China’s quantum computing abilities info is coming straight from the MSS and is focused on stealing the other side’s information. That should tell you something.
I get you think you are funny, but in fact, the neutron beams are mainly used in pre-production testing to induce end to end failures to check-out and stress the ECC capabilities on the dozens embedded micro-controllers and their SRAMs in a typical CPU/GPU. I don't know at what point you checked out from reality to think neutrons have polarity, but regardless of the angular incidence of the beam, it will only slow down the processor if not crash it.
Am i suggesting we stop using gps, mri’s and all tech basically? No absolutely not, that would be dumb as hell. I saw that you looks at my profile, i might be a trans, lefty, isopod fan, but im not insane(im actually genuinely curious about what in particular on my profile “made sense” my best guess is you thought “oh this person is insane lol) Back to the point though, the math we have for everything that currently works, is fine. Gps works, you have x number of satellites each emitting a signal you grab those signals, triangulate and bam, you have your approximate location to some degree of precision(this is a simplification/generalization) Systems like this that function(give the desired result) are basically impervious to breakthroughs in math. In fact breakthroughs would only make them better. Cryptographic security on the other hand is extremely dependent on breakthroughs never actually happening in math. Because all of cryptography hinges on the fact that its impossible to crack things like private keys, passwords and so on with our current level of understanding in any practical amount of time. So if there is a breakthrough in math, that has the potential to make extremely difficult problems like factoring RSA private keys or finding K for ECC(which with brute force iteration would basically take an absurd amount of time)trivial, the entire bitcoin market crashes instantly. My point is, there is an insane amount of misplaced faith put on digital currencies that rely on the “x problem seems impossible/ impractical to solve”. Like if we had proof P≠NP i wouldn’t even be making this argument because HARD problem would be HARD, meaning the answer requires x amount of work and there is no way around it. But we don’t have that proof, so relying heavily on these lynch pins could be catastrophic. If it turns out that P=NP and we have no contingency for how to function in the event all cryptography becomes useless, that sets us back by a lot.
What should the requirements for chip be to be able to break RSA/ECC public key encryption?
JLS/DMO are pretty good on the MBS/GSE Risk transfer side. I like EIC and ECC on the CLO side.
>quantum computer attack from a rogue nation or independent group of hackers Maybe!, just maybe!I t blows my mind the desperate ignorance of this buzzword laced statement. You must be short and blindly praying that BTC is going to crash. You would need around 2330-3000 logical qubits to break a single 256-bit ECC and SHA256 is quantum resistant. Is the United States that rogue nation you are referring to? Hahahaha. And guess what BTC will do before that risk manifests? Ever wonder why those independent group of hackers haven't pilfered the trillions of dollars in value yet? Any guesses? Just not work their time? BTC will most likely experience its cycle, with the peak in April -may as usual. Provided the shorts can get their hands on enough BTC to have a substantial impact on the price like last time from the various lending programs like coinbase, gemini earn, voyager and FTX. All those programs are gone, so I don't know who is they are going to get their BTC from. Also, the inflows into BTC ETFS are 600m a day as of yesterday and the amount of bitcoin being produced in a day is 1440 \*3.125 \* current price 106 000 which comes to about 480m. Just the ETF's daily inflows alone surpass daily production. ANd those Strategic reserves haven't even started. Hahahahahahahahah. Ahahahaha. I got into BTC in 2012. Held since. Invest some of your time into your growth. Bitcoin does the job of clearing houses. Take a second to think about how valuable that actually is.
AMD Threadripper PRO 7995WX ASUS Pro WS WRX90E-SAGE SE EEB mobo 2 TB ECC R-DIMM DDR5 ram 7x Nvidia RTX 6000 Ada 48 GB workstation GPUs gotta have all that power, not compromise. full on calculation beast. this bad boy can calculate your potential p/l into next century
Oh you get one answer, literally... lets get real. The quantum computer is simply a real physical system to perform a computation. When you collapse the wave function to read out the result the property you are reading is absolutely quantize and is binary, either spin up or spin down if say you are using angular momentum, there is no "spin sideways" >It can also be used to train AIs This does not compute, far more likely "AIs" running on classical computers will run simulations on what quantum program is most likely to produce a consistent result and act as quantum computer error correcting codes in generating a reference "goal" for the quantum computer to solve. Sort of like PysX running the math on the physics engine of the video game to make things more realistic, you will have CUDA-Q optimizing quantum compilers and running ECC to de-noise the quantum computer's output (Reject all Q bits that read as 0 but by simulation should have been 1s)
No crypto that I'm aware of relies upon factoring a large number into two primes. Bitcoin and most its derivatives use ECC (Elliptic Curve Cryptography) which is a different problem. Vulnerable to quantum attacks but not as vulnerable as prime factoring. You'd need to use not only Shor's algorithm to defeat ECC, but Grover's to defeat RIPEMD-160 and SHA-256 hashing algorithms used in bitcoin. Grover's doesn't provide nearly as much speedup as Shor's. There is already a plan to migrate Bitcoin to Lamport signatures, which are vulnerable to quantum attacks. There's not a big push to do so now, but if a threat presents itself, it should be able to be quickly implemented as an extension of Taproot (a recent upgrade to Bitcoin).
> This is assuming 256 encryption is even cracked anytime soon AES is a symmetric algorithm so it doesn't use factoring as a hard problem, it uses substitution tables. Quantum attacks rely on the ability of Shor's Algorithm to drastically reduce the efforts of factoring, impacting both RSA relying on primes and some ECC ciphers relying on logarithms.
Quantum computing poses potential challenges to Bitcoin’s cryptography, but the scenario of “cracking Bitcoin and crashing it to zero” is more nuanced. Here’s a detailed breakdown: **How Bitcoin’s Security Works** Bitcoin relies on two key cryptographic technologies: 1. **Public Key Cryptography**: • Bitcoin uses elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) for wallet security. Your private key is used to generate a public key, and your public key is used to create your Bitcoin address. The private key must remain secret. • Quantum computers, in theory, could use **Shor’s Algorithm** to derive a private key from a public key. 2. **Hash Functions**: • Bitcoin uses the SHA-256 hash function for mining and securing transaction blocks. Hash functions are not easily broken by quantum computers and are more resistant to quantum attacks. **Quantum Threat to Bitcoin** 1. **Private Key Vulnerability**: • If quantum computers become powerful enough, they could potentially reverse-engineer private keys from public keys. However: • This is only a risk for wallets where the public key has been revealed (e.g., after sending Bitcoin). Wallets that have never been used for transactions remain secure. 2. **Double Spending**: • Double spending would require breaking Bitcoin’s proof-of-work mechanism, which relies on solving SHA-256 hash functions. Quantum computers might speed up mining processes, but they currently aren’t efficient enough to break SHA-256 at the scale required to overpower the Bitcoin network. **Current State of Quantum Computing** • **Quantum computers today**: They are still in their infancy, with only small numbers of qubits and high error rates. Breaking Bitcoin’s cryptography would require a stable quantum computer with **thousands to millions of qubits**—a significant leap from current capabilities. • **Timeline**: Estimates suggest it could take **10-20 years or more** before quantum computers might pose a realistic threat to Bitcoin. **Mitigations in Progress** 1. **Quantum-Resistant Cryptography**: • The Bitcoin community is aware of the quantum threat and has plans to upgrade Bitcoin’s protocol to use **post-quantum cryptographic algorithms** (e.g., lattice-based cryptography). • This upgrade would render quantum attacks ineffective. 2. **Network Resilience**: • Bitcoin’s decentralized nature means any upgrade would be widely adopted by the network, making the transition to quantum-safe mechanisms possible before a crisis occurs. **Likelihood of Bitcoin Crashing** • **Unlikely due to quantum computing alone**: • The technology is not yet advanced enough, and Bitcoin has mechanisms to adapt. • **Other risks remain**: Bitcoin’s value could fluctuate or crash due to regulatory changes, market dynamics, or other technological factors, but quantum computing is not an immediate or inevitable cause. **Conclusion** While quantum computing represents a theoretical long-term risk to Bitcoin, it is far from causing an imminent crash. The Bitcoin network has time to evolve and implement quantum-resistant technologies, ensuring its resilience against this emerging challenge.
I wonder if Bitcoin prices would crash if a Quantum computer was successful in breaking the ECC or the SHA-256 Hash function.
I can do exactly the same with my German bank account. On top of that German government guarantees that I will get at least 100k EUR in case my financial institution goes belly up. To go further: with quantum computing all cryptography standards are at risk, Bitcoin relies on ECC for generating private-public key pairs and digital signatures. A quantum computer using Shor’s algorithm could potentially break ECC by deriving the private key from the public key. At that moment bitcoin becomes worthless.
I made a comment a few days ago sating that the donor class used to pay for mouthpieces and messengers, astroturf advocacy groups, PAC/ECC/501, etc...and when they did talk about their views they tended to do so with some civility generally kept it in the realm of their business interests. That is no longer. The donor class now no longer need to pay other people to espouse their beliefs - they themselves have become the messenger. Expect in the next cycle more billionaires taking to stages and podcast stating that they want x and if they don't get it they will make people pay, expect more pressuring their media companies to lean in towards their choice of candidate, expect some to simply state that they will blow up segments of the market if the electorate does not bend the knee. It's crazy. Look back a couple decades at the Kochs...could you ever imagine one of those old school conservatives jumping up and down on stage for a candidate, let alone one as economically trashy as trump?
Agreed a brute force attack is impossible. that’s why I said not a brute force you silly goose. The security of ECC (and thus ECDSA) relies on the assumption that solving the ECDLP is computationally infeasible. This assumption is based on the fact that no efficient algorithm has been discovered to solve the problem in polynomial time.
I would put it into MAIN and ECC and enjoy the proceeds
Man legit called the FCC the ECC I’m done
Ah thank you! I missed that it was a CEF with leverage that makes sense. Except below: “Of course, that is good news for us Income Factory investors, because it is the equity tranche in these CLOs that we are interested in as candidates for our portfolios. Two closed-end funds that I have held in my own Income Factory for several years with good results are Oxford Lane Capital (OXLC) and Eagle Point Credit (ECC), both of which invest in the equity of CLOs. In fact, they were the first two closed-end funds to introduce CLO equity investing to the retail investment market, it previously having been limited to the institutional investing realm. ” Excerpt From The Income Factory Steven Bavaria This material may be protected by copyright.
OXLC and ECC are CEFs that use leverage on top of CLOs. There are now CLO ETFs, which may not be mentioned in income factory. JAAA, JBBB, CLOI and CLOZ. Without the leverage the pure CLO ETFs are less volatile than the CEFs and also Senior loan ETFs like BKLN and SRLN,
CLM, CRF, OXLC, ECC and ACP shares are relatively stable and low cost. They will get you approximately 16%-20% yield and pay monthly. Dividends are consistent, although CLM, CRF resets its dividend at the end of October for the new year starting in January. Another more aggressive option is QDTE which is paid weekly with around a 41%+ dividend. Remember that if not held in a tax deferred account you may need to pay quarterly taxes on the dividends. You may want to consider doing a DRIP to acquire more share quicker. Divide the amount by equal (or however you want) amounts in each of the above. You could also add in a high yield long term CD or TBill, if you feel you need some feeling of security.
I'm aware. Nothing you said changes what I said. No business who is doing proper workstation tasks is using Intel Core 13th and 14th gen CONSUMER processors. They're using Xeon W or AMD W CPUs for the core count, PCIE lanes, memory bandwith and ECC support
Pay the tax If you are worried about losing money, HYSA or CD’s will get you about 5.5% with safety. Look at CRM, CLF, OXLC, ECC will get you 16%-20% with minimal risk. Use the dividends to buy additional shares or other funds. If you are willing to risk some take 10% of your total and invest in some YieldMax ETF’s. Don’t worry about market fluctuations, you only realize gains or losses when you sell. The idea with YM is to buy and hold and collect the 40%-110% dividends monthly.
I'm waiting to add to my position. If history repeats itself, OXLC will be in the mid to upper 4 range once everything finally comes down. Tech is dropping. Everything else shortly,in my opinion will also drop. I have a completely different approach to these funds now. The goal is to just add at the lows and hold at the highs. Collect the income,get maximum yield on cost. Patience pays to wait. At 4.90/share, that's a 22% yield on cost with the distribution increase. I'm seriously considering à portfolio of just OXLC,ECC,EIC,OCCI, XFLT,GOF,FCO, SVOL Maybe skip OCCI as it has yet to recover to 2023 highs or buy a large position in the 6 range or less. ACP as well. It may be down 66% since inception but for me it's been an 18-19% yield stock that goes back and forth from 6.60 to 7/share and pays 0.10/share monthly. It'll probably drop back to 6 or less and that would be the time to add to the position. I've set my portfolio up to take advantage of crashes. I just added an additional 62% cash to the portfolio. With these types of cefs ,they're boring but they do exactly what I want=produce income without the need to baby sit The pricing on these are fairly predictable as far as identifying bottoms as they behave the same way every year. OXLC drops to to the mid to upper 4 range Not a big deal. I expect it now. I just wait to buy low. Then,you're pretty much set,barring a catastrophe. I have a few Yieldmax and options etfs with megayields. Im not sure they're worth the risk when you have easy,income producing,low volatility stocks like these. Every 250k produces close to 50k with minimal volatility. May dump the options etfs altogether. OXLC ECC EIC CCIF XFLT ACP GOF SVOL=cream of the crop high yield in my opinion
Yes and no. While they don't have board support for mutiple chips, both Intel and AMD desktop proccessors support ECC. They are being used in datacenters and game servers.
The desktop processor chipsets don't support multiple CPUs or ECC memory. What workloads are people using desktop CPUs in datacenters for?
If the ECC approve an Ethereum etf - which one do you guys think of would be the best?
Not many stocks with 20% yields have a history of distribution increases like OXLC. It never recovered from its pre Covid levels but has flucuated from the mid 4 to 6 range while I've owned it for the past 2 years. It barely moves. I can practically guess the price on a given day. They just raised to 0.09/share. It's one of my largest positions and I'm outperforming all major stock market indices year to date With stocks like these I have rules: only add or buy when it's 5/share and under and if you look at the 2 year chart, it's a fairly safe bet OXLC will continue to trade somewhere between the mid 4 and mid 5 range It's almost like a junk bond that acts like a stock. You won't get much movement but it will generate high levels of income. I love is ECC,EIC,XFLT,CCIF as well but ECC has to be at 10/share or under, EIC under 15,XFLT under 7, and CCIF in the 7 range. I like to think of OXLC like an annuity on steroids
In my opinion, if you just want dividends and not long term growth, look at OXLC and ECC. I own both.
>dumbass theoretical physicists Imma use this line on my next slide about quantum tunnelling and why you can't make large chips running at high frequency on state of the art transistor nodes. ECC SRAMs are for dumbasses... Budget cuts bitches!
Id out is all on ECC and collect monthly dividends of 0.16 per share. Reinvest monthly dividends into more ECC. Also buy BRK-B
That’s kind of already been done. First you get it implicitly with ECC as every bitcoin is secured by it. So an adversary has incentive to try and break ECC and sha256 on the largest addresses. That hasn’t been successful. There are other bounties like sha1 and sha256 out there if you solve a collision in sha1 you get the bitcoins that are secured by that script. I think there is one for sha 256 that hasn’t been broken yet.
Well how would bitcoin work if anyone could be denied access? How would it work if you had to login like a bank? It is one of its most important features. Who would be administrating those logins? I mean its whole premise is based on not having a login, which was long thought to be impossible, you can google 100 impossibility proofs for distributed computing. It made the financial industry throw in the towel back in the 80s when they were trying to figure out how to do what Bitcoin does. It’s the first system to do it. Why do you get to claim that no login doesn’t matter and has no value? I took a look at your links, hacks on exchanges happen, there is still risk if people don’t self custody, so an exchange hack isn’t a hack of a blockchain, to hack a blockchain you would have to break ECC and or sha256 and then we have way bigger problems. 51% attacks are never going to happen, as it would require the operator to torch their investment in hardware. The defi smart contract garbage is all scam, giant attack surfaces. Bitcoin doesn’t have that shit. I’ll agree that the space is full of scams, NFTs being a prime example. These are new tools for fraudsters that go for low hanging fruit. Building things that are trustworthy and add value are going to take time. So it seems we have a fundamental disagreement of value, and that’s where the marketplace comes in. I see a piece of software that is doing the job of a bank and governments. It is successfully sending value around the world through the internet with a so far successful monetary policy. Banks are extremely valuable and they now have lost their monopoly on settlement. It’s a simple connection to make. Their days are numbered.
They're trades not long term holds. ECC and OXLC yield 18 to 20% depending on entry price and can cover their distributions. EIC is another 15 to 18% yield on cost fully covered. CLM outright admits it can't cover the distribution and you have to drip at nav and keep accumulating those nav shares if you want to stay above water in ,meaning you can't really spend the distribution with CLM or CRF if you want positive gains
You could but it would be challenging and more work than retirement. I would wait for a market pullback and buy cefs with 15% yields. I know because I've tried it. You have to pay attention to trading ranges. Most cefs go back and forth the same ranges + or -20% to 25% so your 200k portfolio could easily drop if you buy too high. You want to buy near the low to lock in maximum yield on cost and protect principal. You could also get a part time or full time job and just the distributions accumulate all year. A nice cash buffer against adverse market moves. For example, if you invest in cefs and lock in a 15% portfolio yield,if you let your total portfolio just accumulate distributions for 12 months, you've reduced your total portfolio breakeven by 15% I also like etfs like SVOL when it retests the 21 range, it generates a 17% yield It would be better to wait for a major correction to lock in a high yield on cost and protect your principal. For optimal returns, trading cefs works. For example, when PTY is 12/share and under, it's a buy. When it approaches the 14.80s, a sell. When CHI is 10/share and under,it's a buy. As it approaches $11/share,a sell. When ECC is under 10/share, it's a buy and yields 19 to 20%. When OXLC is below 5/share, it yields 19-20% When XFLT is in the 6 to 6.60 range, its a 14 to 15% yield with the potential to retest 7.20 or higher. You're sacrificing growth unless you trade these and the growth will be underwhelming. Thats why I've dumped most cefs and shifted to trading 3x leveraged index funds and Etracs income etns but I have a high risk tolerance. Despite their volatility-TQQQ ended up just under 200% last year. You can make your own yield. I'm focusing more on growth now. CEFs are highly leveraged and it's doable with 200k but very volatile unless you're willing to pay attention. Growth is more satisfying-believe me-when your portfolio is down 20%+, it makes you not want to spend the distributions . Some cefs are better than others. Most underperform the market. I love SVOL but it's risky. Minimal flucuation-all yield. In the 21 range, 200k would generate 34k a year.
No sane person would even think of attempting to break RSA -256 , let alone a 256 bit ECC.
The stuff AROUND blockchain is hackable, i.e the people, the key storage mechanisms, the website to transact the cryptocurrency,etc. Bitcoin uses 256 bit ECC which theoretically, if you have 1 trillion times the current global computing power, working on the key nonstop, you would be able to find the key after the heat death of the fucking universe. Theoretically almost nothing is 'unhackable', but practically you want to have the result before we cease to exist you moron. The best algorithm to break any modern encryption is to threaten the key holder with a fucking gun. Also counterpoint, One Time Pads are literally unhackable regardless of infinite computing power, unless of course, you have a gun.
A straight answer: ​ Buy and hold U.UN [https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/U-UN.TO/](https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/U-UN.TO/) Buy QQQ later then Fed starts QE again (around 2025) [https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/QQQ/](https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/QQQ/) Buy ECC after a panic crash and enjoy the high dividend from then on: [https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/ECC/](https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/ECC/)
If Apple makes a flash memory controller that can do the trick — you can buy it even from this standpoint even without AI. The only thing why nobody makes that globally, there’s no demand for it. Like ECC memory. It's light years more redundant because it's guaranteed no bits would flip on you. But will it even remotely matter for your Skyrim gaming session? Good articles. Not much sense in general. In the end, Apple still moving to engineering the whole hardware stack of needed components and beyond. Like for a good 15 years already.
Yes, some chips have ECC RAM in the same way servers have. But to be really relevant, it's needed for all internal buses too - similar to what some server chips have. But the embedded chips I have been using only have ECC for the flash storage. So it's up to the source code to try and make validity checks of RAM content.
$LAES is way ahead of y'all: "Our Post-Quantum solutions include Post-Quantum microchips and devices that can be used in a variety of applications, from Multi-Factor Authentication devices, Home Automation, and IT Network Infrastructure, to Automotive, Industrial Automation and Control Systems. Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) refers to cryptographic methods that are secure against an attack by a quantum computer. As quantum computers become more powerful, they may be able to break many of the cryptographic methods that are currently used to protect sensitive information, such as RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC). PQC aims to develop new cryptographic methods that are secure against quantum attacks."
I think AR has use potential in industrial applications but it will take some time getting there. Ie where I work you have multiple machine operators in workspace, with data on multiple screens and operating stuff by joystick, while also needing to have an overview of their workspace outside. They would benefit from integrating a lot of these inputs in a set of AR glasses. ​ These systems are so mission critical however that it will take a long time before something like the apple vision or equivalent would see integration in these systems. We are talking about cost of more than 1M per day if these operator stations were to go down. Their internal PC's are basically Intel Xeons with ECC RAM etc, the cost of hardware is totally futile compared to the consequences of the system going down. ​ There is another factor at work though, and that is the tendency to remove the human element from decision making. So that would go in favor of developing AI rather than AR.
Just use asset classes in Portfolio Visualizer. I wouldn’t depend on data before 1970, and I personally think data before 1990 is pointless. The world has changed considerably and the cycles of change are **accelerating**. People say AI is over hyped. The current media focus (fascination) on AI is on consumer-facing generative AI. The major change will come as we move I want to distinguish between Generative AI and General AI, which are two distinct concepts: 1. Generative AI: - Generative AI refers to a category of artificial intelligence that focuses on creating or generating data, content, or outputs that are similar to human-produced content. - It can include models like GPT that generate text, images, music, or other forms of content based on patterns and data it has learned from. - Generative AI is not inherently conscious or self-aware but excels at producing realistic and coherent outputs in various domains. 2. General AI (AGI - Artificial General Intelligence): - General AI, also known as AGI, represents a type of AI that possesses human-like intelligence and capabilities across a wide range of tasks. - It would have the ability to understand, learn, and adapt to new tasks and environments, similar to how humans do. - Unlike narrow or specialized AI systems, AGI would have a broad and flexible understanding of the world and be capable of generalizing knowledge from one domain to another. - AGI does not exist yet. AI focuses on creating content, while general AI, or AGI, aims to create AI systems with human-like intelligence and adaptability. Generative AI is a subset of AI applications, whereas AGI represents a more advanced and comprehensive form of AI. This is what Elon Musk is focusing his money on with xAI. Another emerging area aside from AI is Quantum Computing. Quantum computing is significant for the future due to its potential to revolutionize computing capabilities, particularly in solving complex problems that are currently intractable for classical computers (what you’re using right now). Here are some reasons why quantum computing is so (potentially) significant and the types of problems it may help solve: 1. Speed and Efficiency: - Quantum computers have the potential to perform certain calculations exponentially faster than classical computers. This speedup is particularly valuable for problems that involve searching large databases, optimization, and simulations. 2. Cryptography: - Quantum computers could break widely-used encryption methods, such as RSA and ECC, which rely on the difficulty of factoring large numbers. This raises concerns about the security of current digital communication and underscores the need for post-quantum cryptography to protect sensitive data. 3. Drug Discovery and Materials Science: - Quantum computers can simulate complex quantum systems accurately, which is essential for drug discovery, materials design, and understanding chemical reactions at a fundamental level. This could lead to the development of new medicines and materials with extraordinary properties. 4. Optimization: - Quantum computing can solve optimization problems efficiently. This has applications in supply chain management, financial modeling, and logistics, where finding the best solutions among numerous possibilities is crucial. 5. Artificial Intelligence: - Quantum computing may enhance machine learning algorithms by speeding up training processes and enabling the exploration of more complex models, potentially leading to breakthroughs in AI. 6. Climate Modeling: - Quantum computers can help simulate and analyze complex climate models, contributing to our understanding of climate change and its potential mitigation strategies. 7. Fundamental Physics: - Quantum computing can assist in solving problems related to fundamental physics, such as understanding the behavior of particles at the quantum level, which could lead to advancements in quantum mechanics and quantum field theory. 8. Financial Modeling: - In the finance industry, quantum computing can help optimize portfolios, assess risk more accurately, and price complex financial derivatives more efficiently. Quantum computing, like AI, is still in the early stages of development. As this technology matures, it has the potential to address some of the most complex and pressing challenges in science, industry, and society. So, going back to the start, when I think about how we were using DOS in the 80s and early 90s, and data moved with floppy disks (if you weren’t working with a mainframe), and how the early Internet emerged from the 1990s to early 2000s, and then cloud computing and all the capabilities that emerged from that… We are just getting started on some profound changes that will change everything. We’re talking way beyond the current discussion of meta tagging AI generated content. When you have enormous numbers of general AI systems that can be run economically at scale, it fundamentally changes the role of people in society. To me, the winners in the future economy will be the countries that own and wield the most advanced technologies.
I’m doing the same with SAP. We have never lost a project against Oracle/Netsuite. Half my projects are replacing HFM, moving off Oracle ERP and the other half are ECC to S4. That’s in the US. Outside the US Oracle ERP isn’t even considered. When they bought Netsuite, I knew their ERP days were over.
RSA is the main concern, then, ECC (which is stronger) and it's all about asymmetric encryption first. Your mentioning of SHA256 gives away you have zero knowledge about the subject.
SAP Sales Cloud is getting better and better with every quarterly release and especially with the new tech stack of version 2. might be an option for many now since most big companies already have SAP ECC or S/4 as an ERP. Also integrated well into the whole SAP ecosystem or Hubspot Marketing.
*Nobody* will be using it in the enterprise. AAPL hardware is now 100% consumer/prosumer. The M Series chips can't run most enterprise software , even in emulation, because they don't support industry standards like AVX, ECC RAM or professional GPUs.
/me looking at the 723 different server SKUs they have and the idea that anyone would want to pay for subscriptions on that. Oh, and ze benchmarks are out... With current numbers for TDP and electricity prices, I'm guessing that TCO would be lower for an AMD solution even if Intel gave you the CPUs for free. We can add a bunch of small issues as well, for example leaving ECC for the "pros" with Xeon. But now when some ECC is part of the DDR5 spec, they don't have anything real separating their workstation lineup from their consumer lineup except the price. Or that the mounting mechanism for their new socket is messed up. Or... They still have fabs and engineers. But for the next few years, they are fucked. They are just throwing stuff at us now, hoping something will work.
ECC is the stock. https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/ECC?p=ECC&.tsrc=fin-srch ECC/PRD is it's preferred shares, it pay monthly. https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/ECC-PD/
What is ECC and PRD? I can't find these ETF's
> I haven't seen anything from Intel regarding the segment though. I did call Sapphire Rapids "workstation" (and so does Intel in their own marketing docs), but in reality they're the spiritual successor to Intel's Core X "HEDT" lineup when you look at the features offered. But I do think that the HEDT segment was essentially squeezed out of existence by the massively increased core counts and feature set in standard consumer chips. There's not much HEDT can add onto existing consumer lineups which wouldn't make them blend too much into workstation - more PCIe lanes, quad+ channel memory support? Those are usually workstation level features. Hell, AMD's consumer lineup supports freaking ECC memory, something that just a few years ago was considered a server feature.
That is a good starting point the next thing to learn is they can have huge discount to nav or a premium ECC for example is trading for 15% above what the holdings are actually worth currently. Get real familiar with this website cefconnect. https://www.cefconnect.com/fund/ECC Typically you want to find funds trading for less than their underlying holdings. PDI if you look at it's price on that site you can see where it dropped to 2% below nav then went back up. If you want bonds find one trading at a discount then hold. Almost all of them use margin which makes their fixed income almost always outperform. Right now is a good time to start a position in them. The only better time would be when the fed finally pivots. A lot of them are really old too ADX predates the s&p500 index I think it's 90 years old now it's only equities and not fixed income. The other thing to be aware of is they can invest in anything including Private Equity and illiquid as well as precious metals, derivatives, only otc stocks etc. Make sure you actually look at the holdings some what. When you look at there performance make sure you do it with dividends reinvested to get a clear picture.
Anyone here invest in CLO funds (EIC, ECC) or other high yield bond funds (PHD)? I've been getting interested in some of these very high yielding options (>8-10% yields).
> ECC I like their preferred, $ECC/PRD.
Basically there are 3 risks you get paid for: credit risk, duration risk and call risk. Because the yield curve is inverted call and duration risk aren't doing much. But credit risk is. VCIT/VICSX with less credit risk has exactly the 5% yield you are asking for. Even a fairly high quality junk bond fund like VWEAX is yielding 6.66%. HYG which is the junk bond fund the future is based on is yielding 7.66%. Way up the risk ladder you have funds like ECC with yields over 25% but there you are taking substantial risk (fairly high risk CLOs).
Morning Folks, i think there is evidence of good news on the horizon, in TA terms but i have to put the image/thoughts together first... **LiDAR Sector Comparison Charts** ^(Friday, February 10th) [09:36am](https://i.redd.it/ai9buiqhqdha1.png) EST (UTC-05:00) [10:30am](https://i.redd.it/p0hu9u7yqdha1.png) [11:00am](https://i.redd.it/9ledpf6ewdha1.png) + [MVIS @8months](https://i.redd.it/45p0jvrrwdha1.png) [1:00pm](https://i.redd.it/tymeednnheha1.png) + [MVIS pregnancy watch](https://i.redd.it/jgbhvkeuheha1.png) ^(* **NOTE** * the PPS behaviour after a BBsqueeze breakout with respect to the 20daySMA \(BBcenter/dotted line\) ) [2020-covid-hole-recovery](https://i.redd.it/3v8lae7cqdha1.png) [2020-December-breakout](https://i.redd.it/n8fzhutzsdha1.png) [2022-to-2023-BBsqueeze-breakout](https://i.redd.it/h59lmxmevdha1.png) ```` what i'm liking most is the INVZ rejection at capped resistance line and they were %BB over 100% for so long, now they're -10% we are set up to take off from here on the SMA20 launchpad i would expect some PR between now and early next week. maybe just the Q4-ECC announcement mid-week there's a Cup & Handle too, if you look for it you may also have noticed that our %Sector column numbers are up too thats something several of us have been watching for a while thats what'll happen when we start deserving a bigger piece of their pie to the sky Sumit ^(and beyond) ````
They didn’t follow directions so D 0x163913d76c15aA5bdd0DC51509eAb3d2c99ECC70
Check out JEPI 12% dividend paid monthly and mostly tracks SPX, so yes, I been beating S&P since I quit gambling and let JP Morgan roll the dice for me instead. I still trade options for extra shares from the winnings, much less active these days tho. Typically protective puts, or selling puts for income or lower entry. All gets rolled back into div shares. My degen div port consists of mostly: SPYD VYM IEP JEPI DSX ECC GOGL
I was looking up the benefits of Ashawaganda and this popped up 😂 Only thing I kept was ECC - EMPIRE CAPITAL. I don’t do much crypto but i figured I’d just leave it. Im currently up 20% since March 22. It’s had its ups and downs but considering the market has been stable af. They’re creating an app that puts money into a preferred crypto portfolio via credit card purchases. Anyway I’m kinda baked
> Quantum computing will be able to simply solve those problems sometime in the next 6-7 years Ethereum (and most blockchains) all use very standard cryptographic primitives. SHA2 / SHA3 for hashing, ECC (elliptic curve cryptography) for asymetric encryption. Know what else uses those primitives? ***EVERYTHING.*** SSH tunnels, VPN traffic, HTTP over TLS/SSL, version control software, x509 certificates, pretty much all government communications, you name it. If a quantum computer rolls out that can crack those primitives, Ethereum failing will be one tiny ember on the burning log that is the finance industry, all within a huge raging forest fire that is pretty much all of the public internet. Even if SHA3 or ECC is cracked, and crypto is 10x it's current size, I think there will still be much more viable targets. Because the last thing you'll want to do is something that makes people aware you can break those algorithms. Regardless, Ethereum has already thought of this: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DDxpGMGSGDE > Crypto has uses but it cannot be a replacement for government backed currencies. That's just one [potential] use case among 100s (1000s even). Ethereum has DeFi, DAOs, NFTs, etc... > We can keep muddling along with the current mostly safe algorithms for fast transactions but crypto is not a currency. It is a con game covered in a techno babble bubble. that statement literally means nothing. > The way cons work best is to get the sucker emotionally attached to the con so they can’t think clearly about what they are buying. Anytime someone tells you to trust the magic box that you don’t understand they are running a con. See Bernie Madoff for details on how to start your own successful con. That doesn't explain one single aspect of how you think crypto (Ethereum being one of the leading ones) is a con. You literally haven't explained a single reason to back up your "con" claim. Good try though. Thanks for playing.
>AMD had laughable CPUs until it didn't. So ? That is not an indicator for anything. When AMD was shit, it was complete shit, if people invested in every shit underdog there is they would be bankrupt few thousand times over. Buying AMD until people seen Ryzen was just purely a mistake. Many companies tried to make CPU, did jack shit, their biggest wins wasn't the product they made, it was that other businesses acquired them. AMD was around since 1969 and stock price didn't hit bottom of the barrel until 2015. AMD was just a company going bankrupt, once Lisa Su took over their first products wasn't just ''oh their first try at this thing'', bit of launch issues aside they were already directly threatening Intel right then and there with performance per dollar beating Intel out of the park, budget options, consumer friendlier lineups, their high core count which took Intel a full year to start competing against, ECC Ram support. Year later AMD 2nd generation lineup was already poised for taking over Intel and it did already in Germany recording AMD outselling Intel 2 to 1. Seeing the Ryzen for the first time was the buy signal for tech savvy investors and almost as a sell signal for Intel. What do we have from Intel now ? Not getting their shit together but releasing GPU that doesn't compete with anyone ? At this point i would rather bet on Apple. They need to release a GPU that actually beats AMD and Nvidia without a doubt to break into it. Like remember last year when people were like Apples M1 is going to kill AMD and Intel ? That didn't go nearly as far as people hoped. At this point today Intels GPU is as other person put it, laughable. Except for investors or content baiters nobody is seriously considering it at all. If Intel will one day beat someone, we will be able to see it, till then redditors are drinking too much hopium thinking if they bet on the cheaper shit, the underdog and it makes a comeback they get rich and get validation, just wanting to be right and rich for once in their lives. Ever since redditors started shilling for it Intel stock price just ignored them and sunk to 2014 levels. Funny enough corporate cultures are a bit different than Intel was back then, if Intel has an actual potential to break into market it already spooked AMD and Nvidia and they are going to work twice as hard to beat Intel, spooking your competition to do better is bad business move, Intel should came out with superior GPU and eliminated them both for a year, grabbing insane sales, attention and market trust. All things considered Nvidia leaves enough room for someone else to chip a piece of their pie and some gamers been even begging for Nvidia to burn down with their past years shenanigans. As things stand its AMD who is poised to do that not Intel.
Ignorance is bliss - so here is a score maybe to help you learn more... With over 500 patents covering Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC), BlackBerry Certicom provides device security, anti-counterfeiting, and product authentication to deliver end-to-end security with managed public key infrastructure, code signing and other applied cryptography and key management solutions.
or even better. Put it into a stock with a 12% dividend. $QYLD $OCCI $ECC
SAP would like to have a word with you… S4 migrations are not really happening and ol’ ECC needs traditional compute to run. Then enter all the other enterprise software that doesn’t even know what Linux support is and require Windows server (yuck!) to run. That’s the old, dying, customer base for VMware. And they’re expensive af
A lot of people hate it, but Oracle, Workday, etc, can only do a fraction of what they can. S/4 HANA looks nicer than ECC, but it really isn't meant to be pretty and easy on the frontend. The backend is what matters. Employees get paid to learn to deal with the frontend. SAP experience is pretty valuable in terms of salary.
making money today on BDCs CGBD, ECC, & ARCC, while GSBD is even.... I don't play with falling knives...
I agree! If I were a new investor I would watch the markets and futures reports for an indication of nearing the bottom bounce. Personally the majority of my holdings are high yield dividend income stocks. New investors need to build confidence over time and cost average into the markets. Value dividend stocks keep the cash coming in while the markets correct. There are many bargains right now: NLY, EPR, HQH, CSWC, OXLC, ECC. KNOP, ZIM and TGH (shipping will be a big winner in the next five years) GLTA!
Buy you some LEGH or ECC. You no feel no pain.
Business development corporations. ECC, CSWC Healthcare. HQH, THW Collateralized Loan Obligation funds. OXLC, XFLT
High yield Dividend stocks will compound your earnings, also REITs and BDCs are primed now CSWC, ECC, NEWT
Promising news for ECC, those gold concentrations are insane, and there’s been little movement since. https://ethosgold.com/news/ethos-samples-2-571-g-t-au-at-titan-and-identifies-additional-targets-toogood-project-newfoundland/
How is ddr5 more resilient? It's smaller and therefore less noise should be needed to flip adjacent rows. And ECC isn't sufficient. I'm not seeing any work arounds currently implemented in ddr5 that aren't available in ddr4.
If you're collecting bond types, it looks like FTBFX is benchmarked against the BbgBarc US Universal index (https://assets.bbhub.io/professional/sites/27/US-Universal-Index.pdf), which includes US treasurys, investment grade and high yield corporate bonds, agency and some CMBS, and emerging market USD bonds. Aside from munis, it doesn't have bonds with equity-like features like preferred stocks PFE, inflation-linked bonds (SCHP, also series-I bonds from treasury direct are good), CLOs (SRLN, ECC), local-currency foreign bonds, bonds with less than one year to maturity (JPST), and floating rate bonds. If you just want the best diversification from equities, I would recommend focusing on long term treasurys.
Thank you. I hadn’t found anything about that before. This seems to be something else that the European Consumer Center (ECC)? I reached out to them, but they said that they cannot intervene because World Markets claimed that they were located in Switzerland, which is neutral. I suspect other European organizations will state the same. My bank won’t intervene and I’m not insured against something like this. I will file a penal complaint in my own country, but I was hoping to be able to join some European/international class action.
lol how many times have I heard that PC gaming is dead \_\_\_\_\_ is going to kill it? They are like the woman who cried Russia. I think it's a good long term investment especially with DDR5 coming. It comes with ECC and AMD lets ECC work even if its not officially supported on desktops.
I only hold a small position in OXLC, with the rest spread out evenly over the other 6. I do like ECC a lot, and have substantial growth from the downturn last year, almost doubling my initial investment. I also give RIO and VALE a lot of attention, as the infrastructure bill should create a lot of demand for these holdings (upside price potential).
Here are my Dividend Paying plays right now... There is a reason I hold these securities for income, all based on current economic trends, etc. I also hold various smaller dividend paying stocks, like MSFT (for growth). AVGO - 2.89% (For Growth also) ECC - 10.4% FSK - 11.35% OXLC - 11.42% QYLD - 11.81% RIO - 9.01% VALE - 8.38%
The only thing I've noticed crazy improvements on are mobile arm64 CPUs. My phone benchmarks like an I5 and does actually better at video encoding. I like AMD and Qualcomm. Intel however are my go to for surplus finds. My home server has like $4k worth of Intel I got for $600 and threw on my own server board with 128gb of ECC ram. No complaints as the wife and I run a lot of VMs. Would I buy an Intel product new? I dunno. Everyone seems to be dumping them, apple and Microsoft both releasing their own arm based CPUs. The glaring vulnerabilities have me using the Intel updates on a hardened freebsd setup that's probably a bit overkill. I definitely wouldn't have used Intel if it wasn't for the price I paid for the pair and how much memory they support. AMD should be better but there's nothing really off the shelf for their server products. Ryzen is great for desktop's and gaming although they along with everything else PC related fetches a pretty penny these days. Everyone and their grandmother is building a PC or mining crypto.
nope, you are looking at the wrong company. Apple is still a great company to invest in however! the big hurdle is still porting programs designed on x86 to ARM, many programs do support ARM but nowhere near enough yet to *really* start hurting intel. Intels main revenue source is datacenter and enterprise low volume but crazy profits. datacenter is always intels and AMDs primary focus, next is client computing, this is your computer, the chip that is still in your pc and laptop unless you have an M1 based apple product. theres more volume here, less profit but still again a lot of profit to be made. most of their total revenue is from this sector. what market does apples M1 chip currently cater for? its highly specific, their own products, and most of which is going against what intel consideres their client computing group. now its possible the M1 chip could do datacenter tasks, it does have ECC support however there's no memory modules in LPDDR4 that support ECC making the product totally useless for enterprise until then. not only that i suspect apple had an exceptionally good deal with intel for their chips, its very common for intel to provide bulk order discounts to system integrators. in reality, its not just apple they should be worried about, its ARM in general. is apple with the M1 chip is accelerating the transition to ARM away from x86? absolutly, but i dont think apple will be the one to capitalise on that because they like to keep their products to themselves, but once that transition has occurred, any arm compiled program would run on any arm chip (assuming its compiled for that OS) which is the bigger cause for concern then you have AMD, who they should actually be significantly more worried about because they directly compete with each other in the same markets, and currently, AMD is absolutely on an R&D rocket. AMD is not just staying at 10% they are not staying still for intel, Zen4 from rumours sounds like it will compete against Alder lake just fine and when the move to DDR5 for consumers seems like it will be cost-prohibitive or totally non-existant by the time Alder Lake releases, which also needs significant scheduler changes in windows to be supported due to the introduction of x86 "big.little"
False, the target market is computer owners. Fact. They're not some band of cool kids, they're a company, and all fast non-ECC RAM is marketed as "for gamers." And people who are not gamers look at the specs; so of course the marketing refers to the people most casual purchasers.
Just because their DRAM, their actual main product, has a "gaming" tag on it at the store does not imply that it actually has anything to do with gaming. All the fast RAM that is non-ECC has the word "gaming" placed there by the retailers. It has nothing to do with games. Just like, "gaming chairs" don't have anything to do with playing games, they're purchased by anybody sitting in front of a computer for long periods of time. Like stock traders.
I'm not a moneymonkey, but take some DD on the technical aspects on AMDs products. Some of this is "AMD good", and some of it is "Intel bad". (Obligatory: This is not financial advice. Feel free to take it as technical advice though. I'll send a bill.) First some 30 second elevator-pitch-oneliners: - Nvidia's top-of-the-line DGX-compute servers use AMD - Intel got burnt *badly* by spectre and meltdown, the effects are still there - AMD is packing some seriously innovative features for securing virtualization. If I were buying for AWS, Azure or GCE now, Intel probably wouldn't be on the radar unless I got some substantial bribes. But the main point of why AMD will whip Intel for the foreseeable future is *chiplets*. AMD can make *smaller chips*, have *higher yields* and avoid the multisocket-solutions Intel is stuck with. AMD can supply ridiculous amounts of cores connected to each other and sharing the same io-lanes (cheap 14nm controller and cache). Of particular interest, *AMD can keep the latency consistently decent between the cores* - they are physically very close to each other. Meanwhile over at Intel, you still need a dual-socket system to compete with AMDs core-count and IO. But those sockets communicate over a slow QPI-bus and are physically separated, so while the best case latency between two cores is excellent (on same die), the worst case is a long trip over a stupid wire on the motherboard that is at least 5cm of copper. Also a bitch to program efficiently. As an additional point of failure for Intel, they are still on 14nm. They are getting really fucking good at that 14nm-node, but at this point the only thing they can do is to increase TDP. Look at their latest lineup *decreasing* core-count to allow for frequency-boosts within a reasonable TDP. Gamers won't care that much about performance/watt, but for data centers and laptops it's huge. For example high-performance computing centers will burn more money on electricity and cooling than the hardware, so performance/watt is the only relevant metric for some large costumers. Further down the line DDR5-memory is coming, bringing obligatory ECC to the table. Support for ECC-memory is a major deal for servers and most workstations. AMD has had ECC enabled on *all* new desktop and server CPUs, from the cheapest Ryzen and up. On Intels side, ECC is at this point the only relevant differentiator between their consumer i3/5/7/9-series and their workstation Xeons. *That differentiator will disappear* and suddenly Intels lineup is just really fucking weird. Intels entire workstation-lineup will be gone. Their other major differentiator is multi-socket support, which we already bashed. So, Intels lineup will probably be a fucking mess for a few years. On a technical level, the thing I think could sink AMD is if Intel starts poppin out server-chips with high core-counts (>=64) *on a smaller node* in the near future. But that won't happen. Intels smaller nodes are not mature enough for chips of that size to have high enough yield. But even if Intel got their shit under control with regards to their fabs, *AMD will always have higher yields due to their chiplet design*. The major non-technical risk I see with AMD is TSMC. They need to be able to keep up with the demand from large OEMs (Dell, HPE...), otherwise OEMs will be forced to go with Intels shitty product regardless. AMD has a license to print money, but the printer is just so fucking slow. Intel on the other hand has no supply issues, they have their own (shittier) fab. Speaking of fabs: Many people are mentioning AMDs new GPUs and comparing them to Nvidia. At this point, I don't think the product matters, the only relevant thing is what company can get their chips manufactured. Every single chip they make will be bought, at whatever price they want. Basically another license to print money, regardless of how AMD compares to Nvidia. Now, the future: Can AMD print enough money to gain a persistent technical lead and market share from Intel before Intel stops hugging their 14nm-fabs? Probably. Could they surpass Nvidia on the GPU-front? Probably not. They could be a worthy competitor, but Nvidia has the upper hand. In particular, Nvidia bought Mellanox which should give them huge benefits when it comes to compute-GPU (which relies on high-speed interconnects). But every compute-node from Nvidia produced in the foreseeable future will probably have an expensive AMD-CPU. Short term, the question is simple - Can they print enough money?
INTC might be a good play post 2023. If you buy now to hold for then, that would most likely work. Still, AMD's technical ability, execution, and providing features for customers that they didn't ask for (ECC) is going to set them ahead for a long time IMO. For the fab, that can only matter from a market cap perspective. It doesn't matter to growth. AMD is growing every quarter and taking massive chunks out of Intel. Do you listen to both of their earning calls every quarter? When Intel lost 16% in the network sector, AMD jumped immediately and in their earning call they grew massively in that sector.
https://i.imgur.com/Hjs9ECC.jpg Down $38K and holding 🚀
Anytime! There's a surprising amount we know what's possible with quantum computers due to computational complexity theory. Classical computers are bound to BPP problems, while quantum computers are bound to BQP problems. It's kind of like learning to add a bunch of numbers together (ie. 2+2+2+2+2+2+2+2) in grade school, and then getting access to multiplication (2x8). It still doesn't mean you can divide, but you have another tool to use to do things *much* faster. The trick of post-quantum cryptography is that it's a problem created with classical computers (everyone has one), but can't be solved by either (ie. safe from BQP or BPP classes). Improvements are being made, of course. Shor's algorithm for example was created by Peter Shor (still alive to this day!) *before* it was finally demonstrated about a decade later. There's various improvements, though one that comes to mind is [minimization](https://phys.org/news/2014-11-largest-factored-quantum-device.html). Going back to the grade school example, you might have seen multiple ways to make multiplication more efficient, but that still doesn't mean you have division. So do I expect that we'll see new and improved algorithms? Yes, but limited to their class of problems - [https://quantumalgorithmzoo.org/](https://quantumalgorithmzoo.org/) might be fun to browse. **How do you personally reason about the risk of unknown-unknowns as you plan your personal risk mitigation strategies?** Great question! *Personally*, there's no way to be ready for everything that's unknown unknown, though there's a way to prevent missed opportunities of identifying risks (and reducing mine) by... trusting panels of experts and subject matter experts. When I'm trying to suss out a topic which I know very little about my favourite is listening to debates by leaders in their field (shoutout to [Intelligence Squared](https://www.intelligencesquared.com/)). That tends to decrease the risk of me entering a bubble pretty substantially. To mitigate risk (not *personally*). QRL has been in touch from day 0 with experts in their field from the who live and breath post-quantum cryptography. From those experts, it was established early on that hash-based signature schemes were safe, but still needed to go through scrutiny. The national institute of standards and technology (NIST) recognized this too and put XMSS (what QRL uses) and LMS on a fast-track for standardization with a [request for public comments](https://csrc.nist.gov/news/2019/stateful-hbs-request-for-public-comments). In this way, we work by standing on the shoulder of giants and don't roll our own cryptography. XMSS's security proof's are well written in NIST's recommendation for Stateful Hash-Based signature Schemes (appendix C.4).: [https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-208.pdf](https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/SpecialPublications/NIST.SP.800-208.pdf) In part the first unknown I'd say has a confidence *slightly* less than ECC's security against classical computers. If there ends up being further weaknesses found, there's almost always a period where it starts off hypothetical (I actually can't think of when there hasn't been), in which case, our address schema allows us to update signature schemes and hash functions smoothly. There will always be a migration period as we don't have people's keys, but that migration period can be long and safe.
Thanks for the detailed explanation! You mentioned that post-quantum cryptography such as ECC accounts for Shor’s algorithm. Given that QC algorithms are in their infancy, do you expect that we’ll see new algorithms to attack ECC and other classical schemes that are currently seen as post-quantum? How do you personally reason about the risk of unknown-unknowns as you plan your personal risk mitigation strategies?
Hi, Jack from the QRL - Quantum Resistant Ledger (So read with bias and DYOR, of course) If there's one paper that I'd suggest for people in this thread to read regarding the quantum threat to Bitcoin, it would be "Quantum attacks on Bitcoin, and how to protect against them", which QRL wasn't involved with at all. In it, it outlines attack avenues as well as looks at the development of quantum computing and models of when this might take place. It then looks at several signature schemes that might be used. The cliff-notes: 1. The main attack vector is reversing a wallets private key from a public key (using Shor's or similar algorithms) 2. There's little worry for mining, ASICS here will reign supreme for quite a while, then it will be a matter of QC's competing against QC's. 3. The time that it could be broken is by 2027 (Take note, systems need to be upgraded *by* this time, not to *start* upgrading). More on this later. 4. There's nothing even close to as efficient as ECDSA (Used in Bitcoin and friends). Before I go on, I want to clear up the most common whataboutism, which is that never mind Blockchain and Bitcoin, what about the banks and websites everywhere? Aren't there bigger things to worry about? To that end, it does pose a threat there too, but it's really not that bad. The quantum threat is known both by government organizations and groups like the NSA, NIST, and PQ-CRYPTO, as well as companies like Microsoft, Google, Cloudflare, and Mastercard. They're preparing for it as well. As we go about our daily lives,IT Security Professionals are testing different potential post-quantum security standards. When everything is tested, your evergreen browser will be updated, and underlying operating systems and tools will be in place for a relatively smooth transition. If a black-swan event will happen after about a year, IT Staff everywhere will likely get a lot of overtime and maybe a little whiskey in their desk depending on the org. Point of it is, centralized systems are managed by IT Staff who have a responsibility to keep things up to date. What makes Bitcoin, Ethereum, Cardano, IOTA, and the rest of the blockchain space special is that things are decentralized. You are your own bank, further, updates to the blockchain aren't centralized, which means a few things: 1. Blockchain systems need to reach a consensus on what post-quantum security system to implement. This can be easier said than done, the famous block-size debate is a good example of how challenging this can be. 2. The project then needs to go through a development and testing stages, and unfortunately, "just update the signature scheme" might not be an option. Post-quantum signature schemes aren't that efficient when compared to ECC. If Bitcoin is limited to 7tx/s now, a straight swap can easily divide that number by 10. Beyond that, signature schemes come with their own features and limitations. Really, a small quick fork isn't in the picture, realistically. 3. After all that is done, it's dependent on the end user, where everyone has to update their keys. How many dormant Bitcoin accounts are there? How many people who are in charge of updating their systems actually do so outside of the annual Christmas visit when their cousin who works in IT arrives and updates their systems? Add up the time of #1, #2, and #3 and subtract it from the time that Blockchain is at *risk* (more on this) and you'll have the time that you should have started 1. That's Mosca's Theorem in a nutshell. On risk. These numbers that float around, whether blockchain can be broken in 1, or 2, or 30 years, they really don't cover the entire story and instead I think it should be boiled down to the *chance* of Blockchain being broken by a certain year. From that you can establish what risk you're comfortable with, and it's going to be different for different organizations *and* people. Beyond that, it's going to depend what it is. Do you care if your kitty-cam has a 10% chance of being compromised? Probably not. What about a 10% chance of all of your assets being stolen? Probably might care a little more? Is a 1% chance of a trillion dollar financial system being broken too much? Maybe, depends on who are you. There's reward in this too, by making sure your systems and assets are quantum secure when you can make them quantum secure, you can gain an advantage, especially in light of a quantum black swan event. Is the quantum threat baseless FUD? Well, if we saw most blockchains with pq-testnets up, I would say, most likely. That's what we see with the rest of the IT industry. Worried about TLS? Look at cloudflare and their TLS experiments, or Google chrome which had post-quantum crypto as far back as 2016. We don't see that in the blockchain space, least of all for the project that carries \~1T worth of value. QRL in a weird way shouldn't be that special, we're just doing what the rest of the IT industry is doing, except as blockchain project, really should be ready earlier. There's a lot of amazing progress in blockchain, but there's also a lot of chasing short-term goals for profits. Quantum security isn't that sexy to too many people, and as it stands it requires a lot of pioneering efforts and research to have the same features. Hope everything here is clear. Always happy to try to answer any questions anyone might have or provide any reading material for those that want to learn further.
The problem with expanding quantum computing is it's not a linear scaling. Qubits to be functional need to be *fully entangled* with all other qubits to achieve superposition. Each bit you add needs to 'connect' with every qubit prior and vice versa, it's not like just like adding bits to a traditional register. To add to this, one of the main principles of classical computing is absolutism. 2 + 2 = 4, 192 * 4 = 768, etc. Hardware failures are extremely uncommon (and detectable) so calculations are consistent, reliable, and accurate. Quantum computing collapses superposition to a probable state *which may not be the answer you're looking for*, and what this means for expanding the machine is extra bits are needed in order to improve the probability of the correct calculation, similar to ECC bits in memory. This problem gets worse the more bits are in superposition.