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CHECK OUT Yeezy GAP INC (Ticker GPS). Yeezy Kanye West did a 10 year deal with Gap Inc for the Yeezy clothing and it sold out within hours. Global demand crashed Gap website. No other clothing website ever crashed in history due to high demand globally. Forget going to the moon. Gap will go way past the Universe!!!
CHECK OUT Yeezy GAP INC (Ticker GPS). Yeezy Kanye West did a 10 year deal with Gap Inc for the Yeezy clothing and it sold out within hours. Global demand crashed Gap website. No other clothing website ever crashed in history due to high demand globally. Forget going to the moon. Gap will go way past the Universe!!!
CHECK OUT Yeezy GAP INC (Ticker GPS). Yeezy Kanye West did a 10 year deal with Gap Inc for the Yeezy clothing and it sold out within hours. Global demand crashed Gap website. No other clothing website ever crashed in history due to high demand globally. Forget going to the moon. Gap will go way past the Universe!!!
CHECK OUT Yeezy GAP INC (Ticker GPS). Yeezy Kanye West did a 10 year deal with Gap Inc for the Yeezy clothing and it sold out within hours. Global demand crashed Gap website. No other clothing website ever crashed in history due to high demand globally. Forget going to the moon. Gap will go way past the Universe!!!
CHECK OUT Yeezy GAP INC (Ticker GPS). Yeezy Kanye West did a 10 year deal with Gap Inc for the Yeezy clothing and it sold out within hours. Global demand crashed Gap website. No other clothing website ever crashed in history due to high demand globally. Forget going to the moon. Gap will go way past the Universe!!!
CHECK OUT Yeezy GAP INC (Ticker GPS). Yeezy Kanye West did a 10 year deal with Gap Inc for the Yeezy clothing and it sold out within hours. Global demand crashed Gap website. No other clothing website ever crashed in history due to high demand globally. Forget going to the moon. Gap will go way past the Universe!!!
CHECK OUT Yeezy GAP INC (Ticker GPS). Yeezy Kanye West did a 10 year deal with Gap Inc for the Yeezy clothing and it sold out within hours. Global demand crashed Gap website. No other clothing website ever crashed in history due to high demand globally. Forget going to the moon. Gap will go way past the Universe!!!
CHECK OUT Yeezy GAP INC (Ticker GPS). Yeezy Kanye West did a 10 year deal with Gap Inc for the Yeezy clothing and it sold out within hours. Global demand crashed Gap website. No other clothing website ever crashed in history due to high demand globally. Forget going to the moon. Gap will go way past the Universe!!!
It sounds like a mall GAP imitation store.
Figured it out mate. Here’s the guide for iOS: 1. Open the Reddit app on iOS. 2. Click on your Reddit avatar (top left corner of the screen). 3. Click on ‘Vault’. 4. Select the 3 dots next to your Reddit avatar. See here for image - https://i.imgur.com/Q040GAP.jpg 5. Voila! You now have access to your Moon address. Hope that helps everyone.
What was to be expected? These are the same type of folks that in small villages they would line up to ride the new shiny escalator. Same type of folks that think Pokemon is bad cause it “definitely” means Pocket Demon. Or that The GAP is a luxury brand. You got to actually educate people before introducing things like this.
Never heard of it. Now that I have... it has a crap name and GAP conjures up thoughts of weakness.
Yeah, something needs to fill that GAP. I'll show myself out
In terms of USD at the font time of this post- Plenty of ADA. Slightly less ETH. Slightly less LINK. BIG GAP. some BTC, very little ALGO
**Bitcoin looks primed to fly back any time now!** MIND THE GAP
*This is a Crypto train, the next station is $50k - Calling at $50k, $75k, and $100k.* *PLEASE MIND THE GAP BETWEEN THE TRAIN AND THE PLATFORM*
Just saw this tweet someone explain what does it mean * BITCOIN CLOSED CME GAP* *Waiting for US market open to move the market!!!*
All the best shady people buy their hoodies at GAP
1 btc = 100000000 satoshi ​ Total supply 2,100,000,000,000,000 satoshi 1 satoshi per person means ? BTC can support 2,100,000,000,000,000 population we will be about 11 100 000 000 population by 2100 your argument don't make any sense .... it's like we need more mona lisa paintings so that when population grows people wont have to go to museums and just have an original copy of mona lisa each and everyone . WE TOOK THE RISK WE PUT OUR MONEY INTO SOMETHING THAT MADE OUR LOVED ONES MAKE FUN OF US , LET ALONE THE financial hardship some GO THRU LET THE GAP between the poor and rich become larger and larger. TAKE RISK OR WATCH IT GET WIDER AND WIDER ....
GAP is closing the adversity Gap show some support 👏<3
The last CME GAP is there below sub 20k..so there is fair chance to fill that gap..
Cus then we'd be GAP
"Gee Cindy, save some for us" - GAP girls
>invest into something very volatile and risky. You should go back to school to improve your reading comprehension. Because I said, >**Crypto can be a hassle free source of income for them.** Which means, they can generate another source of income which is crypto.Depends on skill, but any college going kid in a country like India or Bangladesh can start a youtube channel, work on online assignments of programming etc and start accepting crypto as payment. Countries which have strict capital, where people are not allowed to hold USD / EUR , here **CRYPTO BRIDGES THE GAP .**As I said, in this day of internet the possibilities are endless. But hey, I have to spell everything out for you, even when things like these should be common sense.
I'm not a crypto skeptic in terms of its use case, but this entire bull run was manufactured by institutions. I could feel it from the start and knew it'd be harder to trade than previous cycles. There was no one buying in but suddenly NFTs and such are in the news, billionaires generating hype on social media etc. It was not organic, at all. Institutions never bring stability like people hoped. If you actually trade stocks you would realise they are MORE volatile than crypto. Stocks GAP down 70% on the reg. You have zero chance to get out. They fling all over the place to shake people out. Crypto in comparison was previously either flat, or almost straight up, or straight down. That's easy money.
i wouldnt discount the stock market just yet. you would’ve made more money in the last 3 months throwing all your money into GAP than into bitcoin.
There’s a reason why they’ve hired Raj Parekh and Cuy Sheffield as part of their Crypto programme. They’ve also established a [Partnership with Crypto.com to enable settlements on-chain using USDC.](https://www.financemagnates.com/cryptocurrency/news/visa-partners-with-crypto-com-to-allow-fiat-transaction-settlement-on-ethereum/) Not to mention [Crypto.com is also the leading global partner for VISA’s GAP to accelerate cryptocurrency adoption worldwide.](https://blog.crypto.com/crypto-com-announces-global-alliance-partnership-and-principal-membership-with-visa/)
And this is exactly why I’m done with banks. For the first time in history we can now be our own banks and aren’t bound by some bozo in a GAP suit. But remember with great power comes great responsibility. Also if someone could please give me some karma it would be much appreciated :)
If you can swap out a $GAP token for something else, this would be worse for the companies. Rewards points can typically only be used within the company, which is what keeps customers coming back
Spam solutions discussed in the community (eli5 summary from user --orb): There are two concepts at play here to understand. # Time-as-a-Currency Imagine you are allowed to send messages on Discord, but you have to spend a penny each time you do so. You start with a piggy bank full of 100 pennies ($1.00). Once per minute, your wife's boyfriend gives you your allowance: 1 more penny. However, he won't let you save beyond the maximum of your piggy bank ($1.00). Use it or lose it! At first, you're just casually chatting and sending 1 message per minute; thus, you will spend 1 penny per minute and Brad will give you 1 penny worth of allowance at the end of that minute. You will always have $0.99-$1.00 in your piggy bank and none will be "wasted." But then you read someone saying that Dogecoin is the best coin ever. This infuriates you. So you start violently writing an essay about how Brad is going to go over their house and beat them up if they don't stop shilling for their shitcoin. Before you realize it -- oh no! You sent 25 requests in just one minute! You're down to $0.75 in your piggy bank, and Brad still only gives you 1 more penny. You would need to wait 24 more minutes to get back to your $1.00 full piggy bank. Or you can continue to just send 1 request per minute to break even, until someone else pisses you off and you start writing a bunch of angry messages again. Eventually, you get to $0.00 in your piggy bank. You now have three options: 1. Stop writing on Discord for a little while (100 minutes) so your piggy bank fills back up. 2. Continue writing on Discord, limited to 1 message per minute because that is the rate at which you get your allowance. 3. Go to Brad and explain yourself. Tell him that you blew all of the money arguing with Doge shills, and ask him to refill your piggy bank. Brad will agree to do this, but only if he first goes into Discord and reads all the messages you sent to make sure that you didn't say any naughty words that would get you grounded. This is all an analogy for Time-as-a-Currency. Your piggy bank can store $1.00. Just like the `GRACE_WINDOW` can be used to "store" time to be "spent" as a currency. You "consume" the time by sending requests, which must be time-gapped by at least `MINIMUM_GAP` (i.e., the fee of sending a message). Your "allowance" of $0.01 per minute is because _time moves forward_, naturally refilling your currency. Your ability to quickly send up to 100 messages at a time is `MAX_BURST` Your ability to send a sustained one message per minute due to Brad's allowance is `SUSTAINED_TPS` Finally, when you run out of _time_ to be spent as a currency, you have three options: 1. Stop making transactions for a little while and allow the `GRACE_WINDOW` to pass, so that you have a lot more burst requests to send. 2. Continue making transactions, once every `MINIMUM_GAP`, at your `SUSTAINED_TPS` rate. 3. Make a new request with an old timestamp. This request will instantly refresh your `GRACE_WINDOW`, but due to violating the rules of the **Priority Queue**, will fall into the **Normal Queue** for processing. This means that _all other transactions on the network must be resolved before yours_; the equivalent of Brad checking your Discord to make sure that you didn't say any naughty words in your spam (if you spammed a SHIT TON, Brad will take a longer time to get to the end of your spam to refill your piggy bank). In this way, you are effectively paying "time" to send requests on the network. _Rate limiting_ is the natural result of running out of "time" left to be expended, and submitting timestamps is your way of tracking how much _time_ you have left. **It is in your best interest to be honest with timestamps, because you are effectively being honest with how much "currency" you have.** The second concept is **PoS4QoS**. #PoS4QoS The first solution (time as a currency) is great for a single individual who is limited by just his wife's boyfriend. However, you are not a single individual. You are a Nano holder. You see some Dogecoin shill in Discord? You do what every Nano holder does. You immediately go to r/nanotrade and break my rules by linking everyone to the Discord. You tell them all "hey guys, let's bury this clown and get all the mods banned from Discord, too!" So now it's not _just you_ sending messages on Discord and rate limited by Brad. It's you and your 1,000,000 nanotrade shills showing up together to spam Discord and talk trash about Dogecoin together. Brad alone -- even *their* Brads -- is not enough to moderate you all. You're all clever, see. There are 1,000,000 of you, so you can all just send 1 request per minute to bypass the issue of draining your piggy bank. So how do we solve this? Well, as it turns out, those Doge guys are all pumped as fuck. They made so much money from their recent PnD exit scam that they could afford to pay Discord for shiny ass hi-beams to come on your monitor every time they speak. They have colorful names and shit, and everyone has to care what they say. Meanwhile, you and your boys from nanotrade have all been bleeding in Nano's slow decline to $0.30 over the last 2 years, failing daytrades left and right until you only have 20% of your stack left. You have shitty gray names, tiny text; basically, nobody gives a shit what you have to say. Yeah, you guys are spamming the hell out of that Discord, but when any Doge meme boi speaks, they've got rainbows and sparkles on their Discord names and all eyes are on them. You lose, not because you didn't have enough people, but because nobody gave a shit what you had to say. They'll read your shilling when the big boys stop talking and there's nothing left to do. This is an analogy for the network sorting prioritization based on the amount of money in the user's account (i.e., their _stake_ in the network). Your poor friends are the equivalent of you creating thousands/millions of wallets that all have very little Nano to try to spam the network with. As you create more wallets, each wallet would have a smaller amount of Nano. In the analogy, people who have a lot of stake in Nano [paid for shiny Discord handles] get priority in transactions [reads] over people who have little stake in Nano [people who have tiny text and gray names]. The reason this works is two-fold: 1. It removes the biggest incentive for attackers to hit the network. If the richest accounts (exchanges) are not affected by their low-PoS spam attacks, that drives down the profitability of launching the attack to near-zero. 2. As mentioned, when a user attempts to create more accounts so that they have a higher `SUSTAINED_TPS`, they are dividing their Nano into a pool among a larger number of accounts. The end result is that each account has less Nano (stake), and so they are drowning out progressively fewer people. In short: the more they leverage for more spam, the less stake they can spread out into the spam itself. They might spam 10x as much, but they are spamming out 10x fewer people. This further drives down profitability. Recall: _sustained_ attacks are not made for fun. They are made for profit. If profit is non-existent, attacks become pointless. When attacks are pointless, they don't happen. This means that _the poorest on the network are protected due to the security making the attack pointless_, AKA what I called **Herd Immunity**. _ There are also other ideas and developments that are currently being discussed and developed. But as an introduction to the possibilities beyond simple fees, I hope that this was a good insight.
Spam problem solutions discussed now in the community: There are two concepts at play here to understand. # Time-as-a-Currency Imagine you are allowed to send messages on Discord, but you have to spend a penny each time you do so. You start with a piggy bank full of 100 pennies ($1.00). Once per minute, your wife's boyfriend gives you your allowance: 1 more penny. However, he won't let you save beyond the maximum of your piggy bank ($1.00). Use it or lose it! At first, you're just casually chatting and sending 1 message per minute; thus, you will spend 1 penny per minute and Brad will give you 1 penny worth of allowance at the end of that minute. You will always have $0.99-$1.00 in your piggy bank and none will be "wasted." But then you read someone saying that Dogecoin is the best coin ever. This infuriates you. So you start violently writing an essay about how Brad is going to go over their house and beat them up if they don't stop shilling for their shitcoin. Before you realize it -- oh no! You sent 25 requests in just one minute! You're down to $0.75 in your piggy bank, and Brad still only gives you 1 more penny. You would need to wait 24 more minutes to get back to your $1.00 full piggy bank. Or you can continue to just send 1 request per minute to break even, until someone else pisses you off and you start writing a bunch of angry messages again. Eventually, you get to $0.00 in your piggy bank. You now have three options: 1. Stop writing on Discord for a little while (100 minutes) so your piggy bank fills back up. 2. Continue writing on Discord, limited to 1 message per minute because that is the rate at which you get your allowance. 3. Go to Brad and explain yourself. Tell him that you blew all of the money arguing with Doge shills, and ask him to refill your piggy bank. Brad will agree to do this, but only if he first goes into Discord and reads all the messages you sent to make sure that you didn't say any naughty words that would get you grounded. This is all an analogy for Time-as-a-Currency. Your piggy bank can store $1.00. Just like the `GRACE_WINDOW` can be used to "store" time to be "spent" as a currency. You "consume" the time by sending requests, which must be time-gapped by at least `MINIMUM_GAP` (i.e., the fee of sending a message). Your "allowance" of $0.01 per minute is because _time moves forward_, naturally refilling your currency. Your ability to quickly send up to 100 messages at a time is `MAX_BURST` Your ability to send a sustained one message per minute due to Brad's allowance is `SUSTAINED_TPS` Finally, when you run out of _time_ to be spent as a currency, you have three options: 1. Stop making transactions for a little while and allow the `GRACE_WINDOW` to pass, so that you have a lot more burst requests to send. 2. Continue making transactions, once every `MINIMUM_GAP`, at your `SUSTAINED_TPS` rate. 3. Make a new request with an old timestamp. This request will instantly refresh your `GRACE_WINDOW`, but due to violating the rules of the **Priority Queue**, will fall into the **Normal Queue** for processing. This means that _all other transactions on the network must be resolved before yours_; the equivalent of Brad checking your Discord to make sure that you didn't say any naughty words in your spam (if you spammed a SHIT TON, Brad will take a longer time to get to the end of your spam to refill your piggy bank). In this way, you are effectively paying "time" to send requests on the network. _Rate limiting_ is the natural result of running out of "time" left to be expended, and submitting timestamps is your way of tracking how much _time_ you have left. **It is in your best interest to be honest with timestamps, because you are effectively being honest with how much "currency" you have.** The second concept is **PoS4QoS**. #PoS4QoS The first solution (time as a currency) is great for a single individual who is limited by just his wife's boyfriend. However, you are not a single individual. You are a Nano holder. You see some Dogecoin shill in Discord? You do what every Nano holder does. You immediately go to r/nanotrade and break my rules by linking everyone to the Discord. You tell them all "hey guys, let's bury this clown and get all the mods banned from Discord, too!" So now it's not _just you_ sending messages on Discord and rate limited by Brad. It's you and your 1,000,000 nanotrade shills showing up together to spam Discord and talk trash about Dogecoin together. Brad alone -- even *their* Brads -- is not enough to moderate you all. You're all clever, see. There are 1,000,000 of you, so you can all just send 1 request per minute to bypass the issue of draining your piggy bank. So how do we solve this? Well, as it turns out, those Doge guys are all pumped as fuck. They made so much money from their recent PnD exit scam that they could afford to pay Discord for shiny ass hi-beams to come on your monitor every time they speak. They have colorful names and shit, and everyone has to care what they say. Meanwhile, you and your boys from nanotrade have all been bleeding in Nano's slow decline to $0.30 over the last 2 years, failing daytrades left and right until you only have 20% of your stack left. You have shitty gray names, tiny text; basically, nobody gives a shit what you have to say. Yeah, you guys are spamming the hell out of that Discord, but when any Doge meme boi speaks, they've got rainbows and sparkles on their Discord names and all eyes are on them. You lose, not because you didn't have enough people, but because nobody gave a shit what you had to say. They'll read your shilling when the big boys stop talking and there's nothing left to do. This is an analogy for the network sorting prioritization based on the amount of money in the user's account (i.e., their _stake_ in the network). Your poor friends are the equivalent of you creating thousands/millions of wallets that all have very little Nano to try to spam the network with. As you create more wallets, each wallet would have a smaller amount of Nano. In the analogy, people who have a lot of stake in Nano [paid for shiny Discord handles] get priority in transactions [reads] over people who have little stake in Nano [people who have tiny text and gray names]. The reason this works is two-fold: 1. It removes the biggest incentive for attackers to hit the network. If the richest accounts (exchanges) are not affected by their low-PoS spam attacks, that drives down the profitability of launching the attack to near-zero. 2. As mentioned, when a user attempts to create more accounts so that they have a higher `SUSTAINED_TPS`, they are dividing their Nano into a pool among a larger number of accounts. The end result is that each account has less Nano (stake), and so they are drowning out progressively fewer people. In short: the more they leverage for more spam, the less stake they can spread out into the spam itself. They might spam 10x as much, but they are spamming out 10x fewer people. This further drives down profitability. Recall: _sustained_ attacks are not made for fun. They are made for profit. If profit is non-existent, attacks become pointless. When attacks are pointless, they don't happen. This means that _the poorest on the network are protected due to the security making the attack pointless_, AKA what I called **Herd Immunity**. Hope that makes sense.
Spam solution which are discussed right now: There are two concepts at play here to understand. # Time-as-a-Currency Imagine you are allowed to send messages on Discord, but you have to spend a penny each time you do so. You start with a piggy bank full of 100 pennies ($1.00). Once per minute, your wife's boyfriend gives you your allowance: 1 more penny. However, he won't let you save beyond the maximum of your piggy bank ($1.00). Use it or lose it! At first, you're just casually chatting and sending 1 message per minute; thus, you will spend 1 penny per minute and Brad will give you 1 penny worth of allowance at the end of that minute. You will always have $0.99-$1.00 in your piggy bank and none will be "wasted." But then you read someone saying that Dogecoin is the best coin ever. This infuriates you. So you start violently writing an essay about how Brad is going to go over their house and beat them up if they don't stop shilling for their shitcoin. Before you realize it -- oh no! You sent 25 requests in just one minute! You're down to $0.75 in your piggy bank, and Brad still only gives you 1 more penny. You would need to wait 24 more minutes to get back to your $1.00 full piggy bank. Or you can continue to just send 1 request per minute to break even, until someone else pisses you off and you start writing a bunch of angry messages again. Eventually, you get to $0.00 in your piggy bank. You now have three options: 1. Stop writing on Discord for a little while (100 minutes) so your piggy bank fills back up. 2. Continue writing on Discord, limited to 1 message per minute because that is the rate at which you get your allowance. 3. Go to Brad and explain yourself. Tell him that you blew all of the money arguing with Doge shills, and ask him to refill your piggy bank. Brad will agree to do this, but only if he first goes into Discord and reads all the messages you sent to make sure that you didn't say any naughty words that would get you grounded. This is all an analogy for Time-as-a-Currency. Your piggy bank can store $1.00. Just like the `GRACE_WINDOW` can be used to "store" time to be "spent" as a currency. You "consume" the time by sending requests, which must be time-gapped by at least `MINIMUM_GAP` (i.e., the fee of sending a message). Your "allowance" of $0.01 per minute is because _time moves forward_, naturally refilling your currency. Your ability to quickly send up to 100 messages at a time is `MAX_BURST` Your ability to send a sustained one message per minute due to Brad's allowance is `SUSTAINED_TPS` Finally, when you run out of _time_ to be spent as a currency, you have three options: 1. Stop making transactions for a little while and allow the `GRACE_WINDOW` to pass, so that you have a lot more burst requests to send. 2. Continue making transactions, once every `MINIMUM_GAP`, at your `SUSTAINED_TPS` rate. 3. Make a new request with an old timestamp. This request will instantly refresh your `GRACE_WINDOW`, but due to violating the rules of the **Priority Queue**, will fall into the **Normal Queue** for processing. This means that _all other transactions on the network must be resolved before yours_; the equivalent of Brad checking your Discord to make sure that you didn't say any naughty words in your spam (if you spammed a SHIT TON, Brad will take a longer time to get to the end of your spam to refill your piggy bank). In this way, you are effectively paying "time" to send requests on the network. _Rate limiting_ is the natural result of running out of "time" left to be expended, and submitting timestamps is your way of tracking how much _time_ you have left. **It is in your best interest to be honest with timestamps, because you are effectively being honest with how much "currency" you have.** The second concept is **PoS4QoS**. #PoS4QoS The first solution (time as a currency) is great for a single individual who is limited by just his wife's boyfriend. However, you are not a single individual. You are a Nano holder. You see some Dogecoin shill in Discord? You do what every Nano holder does. You immediately go to r/nanotrade and break my rules by linking everyone to the Discord. You tell them all "hey guys, let's bury this clown and get all the mods banned from Discord, too!" So now it's not _just you_ sending messages on Discord and rate limited by Brad. It's you and your 1,000,000 nanotrade shills showing up together to spam Discord and talk trash about Dogecoin together. Brad alone -- even *their* Brads -- is not enough to moderate you all. You're all clever, see. There are 1,000,000 of you, so you can all just send 1 request per minute to bypass the issue of draining your piggy bank. So how do we solve this? Well, as it turns out, those Doge guys are all pumped as fuck. They made so much money from their recent PnD exit scam that they could afford to pay Discord for shiny ass hi-beams to come on your monitor every time they speak. They have colorful names and shit, and everyone has to care what they say. Meanwhile, you and your boys from nanotrade have all been bleeding in Nano's slow decline to $0.30 over the last 2 years, failing daytrades left and right until you only have 20% of your stack left. You have shitty gray names, tiny text; basically, nobody gives a shit what you have to say. Yeah, you guys are spamming the hell out of that Discord, but when any Doge meme boi speaks, they've got rainbows and sparkles on their Discord names and all eyes are on them. You lose, not because you didn't have enough people, but because nobody gave a shit what you had to say. They'll read your shilling when the big boys stop talking and there's nothing left to do. This is an analogy for the network sorting prioritization based on the amount of money in the user's account (i.e., their _stake_ in the network). Your poor friends are the equivalent of you creating thousands/millions of wallets that all have very little Nano to try to spam the network with. As you create more wallets, each wallet would have a smaller amount of Nano. In the analogy, people who have a lot of stake in Nano [paid for shiny Discord handles] get priority in transactions [reads] over people who have little stake in Nano [people who have tiny text and gray names]. The reason this works is two-fold: 1. It removes the biggest incentive for attackers to hit the network. If the richest accounts (exchanges) are not affected by their low-PoS spam attacks, that drives down the profitability of launching the attack to near-zero. 2. As mentioned, when a user attempts to create more accounts so that they have a higher `SUSTAINED_TPS`, they are dividing their Nano into a pool among a larger number of accounts. The end result is that each account has less Nano (stake), and so they are drowning out progressively fewer people. In short: the more they leverage for more spam, the less stake they can spread out into the spam itself. They might spam 10x as much, but they are spamming out 10x fewer people. This further drives down profitability. Recall: _sustained_ attacks are not made for fun. They are made for profit. If profit is non-existent, attacks become pointless. When attacks are pointless, they don't happen. This means that _the poorest on the network are protected due to the security making the attack pointless_, AKA what I called **Herd Immunity**. Hope that makes sense.
Fucking GAP... what a ZuckerFucker. Buy the car, take the GAP.
**Variables** * GRACE_PERIOD - The amount of permitted time-drift from the node's timestamp that a node will allow a transaction to have to still qualify for the Priority Queue. For example, if a node's time is 5:00, and they receive a request that has a GRACE_PERIOD of 30 seconds, then they are willing to accept the request into the Priority Queue as long as it's dated for anywhere from 4:59:30 through 5:00:30. * GRACE_WINDOW - Defined as 2 * GRACE_PERIOD, because the period is both into the past & future, so the window is the full amount of time of this period in both directions. In the above example, the GRACE_WINDOW is 1 minute (30s in both directions; 05:00:30 - 04:59:30 = 00:01:00). * MINIMUM_GAP - The amount of increase one timestamp must have from the last timestamp in a chain. For example, if the timestamp of an account's previous request is 05:02:25 and the MINIMUM_GAP is 15 seconds, the next request must be dated for 05:02:40 or later. * SUSTAINED_TPS - This is, by definition, the multiplicative inverse of MINIMUM_GAP (that is, 1 / MINIMUM_GAP). * MAX_BURST - Defined as GRACE_WINDOW / MINIMUM_GAP. This is the maximum amount of transactions that may be precomputed and sent simultaneously. It requires the attacker to use the full extent of their GRACE_WINDOW, from TIME - GRACE_PERIOD through TIME + GRACE_PERIOD, incrementing every MINIMUM_GAP in between. These variables (particularly GRACE_PERIOD and MINIMUM_GAP) may be determined dynamically based on the PoS of the wallet in question. Ideally, this is done via empirical determination of valuable metrics. For example, if it is determined that an exchange typically handles 1 TPS, with occasional bursts to 1,000 TPS during very busy times, this could be resolved into MINIMUM_GAP = 1 AND GRACE_PERIOD = 500 for wallets with more than 106 stake. Lower users may have more restricted TPS (both in consistent TPS (MINIMUM_GAP) as well as burst TPS (indirectly determined via GRACE_PERIOD). PoS4QoS If a request falls within the Priority Queue, it is then resolved based on the stake of the wallet. A wallet with 107 Nano would have its transaction resolved before the actions of a wallet containing 103 Nano, and so on down the chain. In the Reddit thread (and initial thoughts), the QoS tiers were separated into discrete chunks. However, there is no apparent reason why the QoS tiers could not be effectively a continuous scale whereby higher PoS always yields a higher QoS. Sample Attack Considerations Attack 1: Invested Attacker Single Account Spam Problem: Attacker with high amount of Nano (106 - ~$35m investment) wants to spam attack the network by sending trivial amounts to another wallet. Solution: Due to the limitations of Rule (2) + Rule (3), the attacker would be limited to MAX_BURST requests before being throttled down to SUSTAINED_TPS unless they're willing to exit the Priority Queue. If they exit the Priority Queue, they must wait for the spam attack (which exists within the Priority Queue) to resolve itself, as well as all other Priority Queue traffic, before their new Normal Queue request is resolved. This means that they are effectively DoS'ing their own ability to continue the spam attack until the ongoing spam attack subsides. Attack 2: Mass Account Spam Problem: Attacker uses 1,000,000 wallets, each sending 0.0000001 Nano per second through the network, bypassing the protections offered by the Priority Queue within the Time-as-a-Currency system. Solution: PoS4QoS ensures that these extremely low value wallets would be at such an exceptionally low QoS (due to having such little PoS) that they are effectively DoS'ing such a microscopic part of the ecosystem (extremely small requests & outdated nodes/mistakes that cause legitimate users to enter the Normal Queue) so as to make the attack unfeasible/unprofitable. Attack 3: Invested Attacker Chaining New Account Spam Problem: Attacker owns a large amount (106+) of Nano and wants to DoS the network by sending its entire balance to a new account, which will then immediately pass the entire balance to another new account, and so on. Solution: Rule (4) of the timestamp rules ensures that the RECEIVE block is upped a MINIMUM_GAP from its corresponding SEND block; this attack becomes identical to the above Attack 1. Additional Notes Concepts **Herd Immunity** - It is fairly easy to envision a scenario where, in Attack#2, microscopic amounts of the legitimate traffic on the network are still vulnerable to a spam attack. However, by protecting the high-value members, launching this attack becomes unprofitable and ultimately pointless. By neutering the goal of the attack, the weakest transactions on the network (i.e., those worth < 0.0000001 Nano, or those in the Normal Queue due to error/mistake) gain protection implicitly. **Timestamp Trust?** - Timestamps are not trusted to be correct. It is in the clients' best interest to provide an accurate timestamp, so as to ensure that they are in the Priority Queue. The purpose of the timestamp and related variables (GRACE_PERIOD | MINIMUM_GAP) is for decentralized throttling, not a trustworthy reporting of time. However, in a pinch, these timestamps are better than nothing to identify the time at which a request was sent, which adds a small bonus for some forensics. **Time-as-a-Currency** - I've thrown this term around a few times now; what does this really mean? The fundamental idea is that you are given a set block of time as a "currency" that you may spend (equal to GRACE_WINDOW). However, you must spend it in minimum chunks (MINIMUM_GAP). In addition, you regenerate this currency at a rate of 1 second (currency) per second (time), all in a decentralized manner. The result of MAX_BURST is due to stockpiling your "currency" (time) up to its maximum reserve (GRACE_WINDOW) and spending it all on as many requests as possible (GRACE_WINDOW / MINIMUM_GAP). **Normal Queue Meaning** - The Normal Queue is a bit of a misnomer. Perhaps better names would be the "Protected Queue" and the "Vulnerable Queue." The "Protected Queue" (here called Priority Queue) is protected from spam attacks due to the Time-as-a-Currency rate limiting principle and further protected due to PoS4QoS. Meanwhile, the "Vulnerable Queue" (AKA Normal Queue) offers no such protection. However, that does not mean that the Normal Queue would be a spammed, worthless hole of requests. In fact, the Normal Queue is what is now the entire Nano network. In short, the worst attack that an attacker could launch against this (one that forces all nodes to the Normal Queue) would simply revert the network back to the status quo. **Conclusion** Wrote this over here to move the discussion from Reddit and have a place to keep the discussion centralized in an area that won't "get away" from us. The real TL;DR is up top under "Summary" if interested.
Article bot: **Summary** Add QoS tiers to the Nano protocol where nodes may deterministically identify a "safe" order to resolve transactions in the event of an ongoing spam attack. This may be done by adding a timestamp field to the protocol to be used as a loose idea of when a request was made. The receiving nodes will verify that this timestamp field falls within a range (GRACE_PERIOD) of their (the nodes') current time and obeys other rules of the network that are carefully crafted to prevent spam attacks. If this verification fails, the user's requests fall into the lowest QoS tier (known as the normal queue). If this verification succeeds, the user's transaction enters the priority queue, where its actual QoS is determined by the stake of the wallet issuing the transaction. Tiebreakers in stake would be determined via the current method of the nonce complexity. **Threat Model** Attacker is assumed to be able to precompute effectively "infinite" PoW. This can feasibly be done via an ASIC that would outperform a mobile user by an order of 1012. Since mobile users need to be catered to with a relatively realistic PoW (<100 seconds), this means that the attacker would be able to generate at least 1010 more PoW than an acceptable user, or effectively infinite, with a price tag of around $105 USD. **Terms** **Priority Queue** - The new "normal" for the network; the location for all requests that conform to new timestamping rules. Within this queue, transactions are further divided into sub-queues based on the PoS of the transacting account. **Normal Queue** - The old "normal" for the network; the location for all requests that do not conform to new timestamping rules. This is effectively the lowest QoS level in the network, and is processed after all PoS-based QoS that occurs in the Priority Queue. **Timestamping** **Rules** To qualify for the Priority Queue, a transaction must meet all of the following criteria: The transaction must be timestamped, and the previous transaction within the user's blockchain (if not the OPEN operation) must also be timestamped. In the event of an OPEN operation with an included RECEIVE, the corresponding SEND operation must be timestamped. When a node receives the transaction, the timestamp must be within GRACE_PERIOD from the current time. This may be in either direction (past or future). The transaction's timestamp must be at least MINIMUM_GAP time after the timestamp of the previous transaction. For OPEN-RECEIVE and RECEIVE operations, the timestamp must be at least MINIMUM_GAP time after the corresponding SEND operation. **Rule Justifications** Rule (1) is the primary driver of the entire system. Without a timestamp on the current node and a timestamp on the previous node, there are no timestamps with which to compare anything. Rule (2) combined with Rule (3) create a system whereby an attacker cannot simultaneously send more requests at once than GRACE_WINDOW / MINIMUM_GAP without either (A) being forcibly throttled to 1 / MINIMUM_GAP TPS or (B) falling out of the Priority Queue for 1 transaction (effectively forcing the spam to be cleared fully before they are allowed to resume). Rule (4) prevents attacks that involve an attacker with a large amount of Nano (106+) from sending Nano to new addresses repeatedly, by enforcing that the receiving accounts are also incrementing their timer by MINIMUM_GAP based on the sender's timestamp.
Holy shit, I just read the entire TaaC thing and this is so interesting! Lets hope this can be implemented in a reasonable time frame because it could actually solve the spam attacks how I see it. "[Time-as-a-Currency - I've thrown this term around a few times now; what does this really mean? The fundamental idea is that you are given a set block of time as a "currency" that you may spend (equal to GRACE_WINDOW). However, you must spend it in minimum chunks (MINIMUM_GAP). In addition, you regenerate this currency at a rate of 1 second (currency) per second (time), all in a decentralized manner. The result of MAX_BURST is due to stockpiling your "currency" (time) up to its maximum reserve (GRACE_WINDOW) and spending it all on as many requests as possible (GRACE_WINDOW / MINIMUM_GAP).](https://forum.nano.org/t/time-as-a-currency-pos4qos-pos-based-anti-spam-via-timestamping/1332)"
It’s GAP, not ACP. I’ll have to do the math. Whatever $2500 of BTC was this morning is it.. so .05 BTC or so?
>Do You think i should put $3k instead? What it's worth I might be a slave worker for GAP in Bangladesh. How can I tell you what should you do with your money which could be my 10 year income. But my rule of thumb is , if you are not a trader try to have 1-5-10% of your investment portfolio in crypto.
Looks like you are "stupid or what" Your account is a fake account/aged specifically for this purpose, to appear legit. There is a 6 YEAR GAP in you posting ANYTHING on reddit. 37 posts ever. Then you break your silence to only comment on this shit coin? Obvious is obvious. Try again. Anyone can look at your history and see you are a fake hype account you bought to post on here to appear like someone actually is interested in this shit.