CPU

OderWieOderWatJunge

If you bought for $4 good for you, you may be at least a little rich. But what's the point? Bitcoin was practically free at the beginning. 5 BTC for solving a captcha. Mining with your CPU. Buying it for 60 cents. But did we buy? No.

yebyen

Bro don't even worry about it I mined 200BTC in a couple of days on my CPU when Bitcoin was new and I sold it for like $25 on Paypal, I was so proud of myself, I knew what I had too, but I didn't keep any long-term 🤣

Masteries

>At a difficulty of 1, people will be able to solo CPU mine again Will they though? Why do we have all this massive electricty wasting then, if it is not even necessary?

satbug

At these difficulties, people will be able to solo CPU mine again. Are you concerned that no one will have the capital available to leave their laptop running overnight?

csolisr

I remember the old time of 2010. I had somehow gotten a whole Bitcoin (which was worth about a dollar) after trading it for CPU-mined Litecoins and filling surveys. Then I put them in a "bank" that offered loans and savings accounts, and it worked for a while... then the site went down without a trace. I still managed to bounce back later, most of my 3DS digital library came from there.

Solidaire3000

You are telling me CPU mining lead to more decentrilization because because it’s harder for large mining farms to gain control of all the processing?

deltamoney

An asic machine costs thousands and is dedicated to one algorithm. CPU is a much more level playing field since pretty much anyone and everyone can get a CPU and process the algorithm. It’s not that it’s friendly per se. It’s just that it’s harder for large mining farms to gain control of all the processing.

Solidaire3000

Why are CPU’s more friendly than ASIC’s ? Energy efficience ? Cost ? Something else ?

Solidaire3000

Why are CPU’s more friendly than ASIC’s ? Energy efficience ? Cost ? Something else ?

deltamoney

The algorithm is what ultimately secures and is used to show proof of work. Each algorithm is processed differently, how the algorithm is processed helps determine what and who can do the processing. Some require more memory. Some CPU. Some GPUs. Some ASICS. That’s why there’s different algorithms usually the community is targeting something. They don’t want ASICS. They want CPU, which is more friendly to individual miners.

castorfromtheva

Get a used lenovo tiny or Dell optiplex with at least a Gen. 6 CPU and a 2 Tbyte SSD. Along with at least 4 gigs of RAM or at least 8 GByte if you plan to also run a lightning node and others services like an own mempool explorer or Electrum server on top. All in all such a machine will be 150 to 200 bucks and will cost you around 2 to 3 bucks per months in energy.

castorfromtheva

These days the initial blockchain dowload takes around 2 to 4 days given you are using a normal x86 CPU, not a Raspi one, have a least 4, better u 8 gigs of RAM and most important uses a SSD you're syncing to. Patience is one of the most important virtues bitcoin teaches anyways.

mcbergstedt

I was like 16 at the time and only had my shitty laptop. CPU mining had just become unprofitable and I didn’t have the money for a gaming desktop for mining

Mr_Eckert

I doubt he has any regrets, dude had a shit ton of BTC back in the early days. 10k was almost nothing for him, he did that pizza trade something like 8 times. He was one of the first people to figure out how to mine using a GPU, giving him a huge advantage over the CPU miners of the time. Laszlo is probably laughing his way to the bank.

spearsy33

I was using NiceHash for a while…. And use a piece of software to monitor temps and put them to sleep if they get too hot. I also found that you have to put a limit on the cpu so it doesn’t run full bore. After a month or so I decided it wasn’t worth it… I was mining with a HP invictus gaming laptop, using the CPU, and both graphics cards… but it just wasn’t worth the potential damage and electricity. Unfortuantely for bitcoin it’s ASIC or bust at this point.

analogOnly

lmao homie just destroyed 27 office laptops. Yes. HEAT is an ISSUE. Be it a CPU or GPU or an ASIC. Running a computer constantly doing nothing but HASHING is going to cause A LOT OF HEAT.

CointestMod

#TRON Con-Arguments Below is a TRON con-argument written by CreepToeCurrentSea. > TRON is a decentralized, open-source blockchain-based operating system with smart contract functionality, a proof-of-stake consensus algorithm, and its own cryptocurrency, Tronix (TRX). Justin Sun founded it in March 2014, and it has been overseen and supervised by the TRON Foundation, a non-profit organization in Singapore founded the same year. It began as an Ethereum-based ERC-20 token before migrating to its own blockchain in 2018. > > # CONS > > **Whitepaper Plagiarism** > > In January 2018, Tron's developers were accused of plagiarism after many sections of the Tron whitepaper appeared nearly identical to IPFS and Filecoin technical documentation. IPFS is an acronym for InterPlanetary File System. Juan Benet, CEO of Protocol Labs, which develops IFPS tools and services, revealed on Twitter in early January 2018 that Tron's whitepaper authors did not properly cite references and that the document was "mostly copied" from other projects. Even the equations and formulas mentioned in the first version of Tron's whitepaper were identical to those found in IPFS documentation. Sun claimed to have a "very detailed" reference to the most recent Chinese version of the Tron whitepaper. He also claimed that the Tron paper was translated into other languages by volunteers who may have overlooked important details. Just as Vitalik had also sarcastically said in twitter regarding the teams copy-pasting abilities, this just goes to show how un-genuine their team appears even making the most basic of mistakes. > > **Question of Vulnerability** > > A barrage of requests sent by a single PC could be used to squeeze the power of the blockchain's CPU, overload the memory, and perform a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack, according to HackerOne. "Using a single machine, an attacker could send DDOS attack to all or 51 percent of the Super Representative (SR) node and render Tron network unusable or unavailable," the claim goes. While TRON is somewhat better in marketing compared to other cryptocurrencies, it falls short on one of the most important pillars for an effective one, that of which is security. To hinder a blockchain with just one computer is the polar opposite of what you want a cryptocurrency to be. > > **Un-Stablecoin** > > TRON's native stablecoin "USDD" de-pegged to the US dollar earlier this year, falling to as low as 91 cents. Its design is uncannily similar to Terra's stablecoin, UST, which lost its price peg and imploded a month ago, wiping out $40 billion in market value. If it continues to follow UST's path considering how similar they are in function and structure, one could assume they also have a ticking algorithmic time bomb in the making. > > **Final Thoughts** > > It seems that TRON has a knack for idolizing (to the point of almost copying their work) other projects both in and out of the crypto-sphere. What I do hope is that they also know what not absorb. Else, they have nothing but a mushed up bowl of their favorite things and just decided it would stick together with glue and duct tape. > > Sources: > > [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tron\_(cryptocurrency)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tron_(cryptocurrency)) > > [https://cryptoslate.com/justin-suns-controversies-plagiarism-teslas-warren-buffett-kidney-stones-and-a-deleted-apology/](https://cryptoslate.com/justin-suns-controversies-plagiarism-teslas-warren-buffett-kidney-stones-and-a-deleted-apology/) > > [https://www.inverse.com/article/40050-tron-trx-cryptocurrency-plagiarism-scandal](https://www.inverse.com/article/40050-tron-trx-cryptocurrency-plagiarism-scandal) > > [https://www.zdnet.com/article/tron-critical-security-flaw-could-break-the-entire-blockchain/](https://www.zdnet.com/article/tron-critical-security-flaw-could-break-the-entire-blockchain/) > > [https://fortune.com/2022/06/13/algorithmic-stablecoin-usdd-loses-peg-justin-sun-tron-decentralized-usd/](https://fortune.com/2022/06/13/algorithmic-stablecoin-usdd-loses-peg-justin-sun-tron-decentralized-usd/) ***** Would you like to learn more? Check out the [Cointest archive](/r/CointestOfficial/wiki/cointest_archive#wiki_tron) to find submissions for other topics.

CointestMod

#TRON Con-Arguments Below is a TRON con-argument written by CreepToeCurrentSea. > TRON is a decentralized, open-source blockchain-based operating system with smart contract functionality, a proof-of-stake consensus algorithm, and its own cryptocurrency, Tronix (TRX). Justin Sun founded it in March 2014, and it has been overseen and supervised by the TRON Foundation, a non-profit organization in Singapore founded the same year. It began as an Ethereum-based ERC-20 token before migrating to its own blockchain in 2018. > > # CONS > > **Whitepaper Plagiarism** > > In January 2018, Tron's developers were accused of plagiarism after many sections of the Tron whitepaper appeared nearly identical to IPFS and Filecoin technical documentation. IPFS is an acronym for InterPlanetary File System. Juan Benet, CEO of Protocol Labs, which develops IFPS tools and services, revealed on Twitter in early January 2018 that Tron's whitepaper authors did not properly cite references and that the document was "mostly copied" from other projects. Even the equations and formulas mentioned in the first version of Tron's whitepaper were identical to those found in IPFS documentation. Sun claimed to have a "very detailed" reference to the most recent Chinese version of the Tron whitepaper. He also claimed that the Tron paper was translated into other languages by volunteers who may have overlooked important details. Just as Vitalik had also sarcastically said in twitter regarding the teams copy-pasting abilities, this just goes to show how un-genuine their team appears even making the most basic of mistakes. > > **Question of Vulnerability** > > A barrage of requests sent by a single PC could be used to squeeze the power of the blockchain's CPU, overload the memory, and perform a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack, according to HackerOne. "Using a single machine, an attacker could send DDOS attack to all or 51 percent of the Super Representative (SR) node and render Tron network unusable or unavailable," the claim goes. While TRON is somewhat better in marketing compared to other cryptocurrencies, it falls short on one of the most important pillars for an effective one, that of which is security. To hinder a blockchain with just one computer is the polar opposite of what you want a cryptocurrency to be. > > **Un-Stablecoin** > > TRON's native stablecoin "USDD" de-pegged to the US dollar earlier this year, falling to as low as 91 cents. Its design is uncannily similar to Terra's stablecoin, UST, which lost its price peg and imploded a month ago, wiping out $40 billion in market value. If it continues to follow UST's path considering how similar they are in function and structure, one could assume they also have a ticking algorithmic time bomb in the making. > > **Final Thoughts** > > It seems that TRON has a knack for idolizing (to the point of almost copying their work) other projects both in and out of the crypto-sphere. What I do hope is that they also know what not absorb. Else, they have nothing but a mushed up bowl of their favorite things and just decided it would stick together with glue and duct tape. > > Sources: > > [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tron\_(cryptocurrency)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tron_(cryptocurrency)) > > [https://cryptoslate.com/justin-suns-controversies-plagiarism-teslas-warren-buffett-kidney-stones-and-a-deleted-apology/](https://cryptoslate.com/justin-suns-controversies-plagiarism-teslas-warren-buffett-kidney-stones-and-a-deleted-apology/) > > [https://www.inverse.com/article/40050-tron-trx-cryptocurrency-plagiarism-scandal](https://www.inverse.com/article/40050-tron-trx-cryptocurrency-plagiarism-scandal) > > [https://www.zdnet.com/article/tron-critical-security-flaw-could-break-the-entire-blockchain/](https://www.zdnet.com/article/tron-critical-security-flaw-could-break-the-entire-blockchain/) > > [https://fortune.com/2022/06/13/algorithmic-stablecoin-usdd-loses-peg-justin-sun-tron-decentralized-usd/](https://fortune.com/2022/06/13/algorithmic-stablecoin-usdd-loses-peg-justin-sun-tron-decentralized-usd/) ***** Would you like to learn more? Check out the [Cointest archive](/r/CointestOfficial/wiki/cointest_archive#wiki_tron) to find submissions for other topics.

CointestMod

#TRON Pro-Arguments Below is a TRON pro-argument written by a deleted user. > ##**PROs** > > **Disclaimer**: There is little reliable information about Tron that isn't from Tron DAO or Justin Sun interviews. The official [Tron DAO Medium](https://trondao.medium.com/) site doesn't provide links to sources in the blog, making it harder to fact check and analyze. Many of its sources are from Weibo posts that are inaccessible beyond the Great Firewall of China. Tron's documentation and community posts provide way less information than that of other major blockchain projects. Nevertheless, I'm make do with what I can get. > > ####**Performance and Consensus** > > **High throughput and fast finality** > > Blocks are produced every 3s with a max size of 2M bytes. Consensus is completed using DPoS with a fault tolerance of 70% (9/27) Super Respresentatives that act as validators. There are over 350 SR/validator candidates who vote on the 27 SRs each 6 hours. > > - **High Throughtput**: **Tron can reach a max throughput of 2600 TPS with full 2M blocks** and its current balance of actual transactions, which is really high for an EVM-compatible blockchain. > - My calculations used [Tronscan data](https://tronscan.org/#/blockchain/blocks): Basic TRX and token transfers use 250-500 Bandwidth. The current average bandwidth for each transaction is currently 298, which is not that much higher than the lower end for basic transactions. > - Each bandwidth is 0.850 bytes, so you can fit 7800 average transactions in a single 3s block. Tron officially claims that it can reach 2000 TPS, so they're giving a conservative estimate. > - Even filled with 350-550 bandwidth swaps for [SunswapV2Router02](https://tronscan.org/#/contract/TKzxdSv2FZKQrEqkKVgp5DcwEXBEKMg2Ax/transactions), that's 1400 TPS on the lower end. That's way faster swaps than [everything other than Algorand](https://medium.com/dragonfly-research/the-amm-test-a-no-bs-look-at-l1-performance-4c8c2129d581). > - The tradeoff is that consensus is highly centralized (only 27 validators), and that the validators have very high requirements like having 32 CPU cores and 64GB of memory. > - In comparison, Ethereum's Layer 1 in comparison, can only do ~15 TPS average (59 TPS for basic transfers, 7 TPS for Uniswap v3 swaps). > - **Fast Finality in 3s**: All 27 SRs are currently playing friendly with each other, so for all practical purposes, finality is in 3 seconds. (Deterministic finality occurs every 27 blocks, or 81 seconds). > > **Network Energy usage** > > Tron's estimated annual energy usage for 2022 is estimated to be 1.7 kWh, or the **energy usage of [15 average US households](https://decrypt.co/108115/tron-network-energy-use-matches-that-of-15-us-households-ccri-report)**. This puts it slightly lower than the consumption of Avalanche, Algorand, Cardano, and Solana's networks. Its carbon footprint is also 4x lower than the others. And it uses 100000x less energy than Bitcoin. > > ####**Ease of Basic Utility** > > **Transaction fees are covered for FREE by freezing TRX** > > Tron has a unique design for transaction fees instead of using gas. Transactions fees are divided into bandwidth (pays for data bytes) and energy (pays for computations). All transactions require bandwidth while only contracts need energy. > > The benefit is that you get **FREE bandwidth and energy by freezing TRX**, a process similar to staking. You currently receive about 28 energy and 1 bandwidth daily [per frozen TRX](https://tronstation.io/calculator). Basic smart contracts use 350 Bandwidth (requires freezing 330 TRX) and 14.7K energy (requires staking 520 TRX). At current TRX prices, **if you freeze $2500 worth of TRX, you could perform 100 free basic transactions daily**. In addition, each account receives [1.5 kb of bandwidth daily](https://developers.tron.network/docs/resource-model) (originally 5 kb) for free even without freezing TRX, which is good for ~5 transactions. Though I suspect users can abuse this by creating new accounts. > > Any transaction fees in excess of the free energy and bandwidth are burned. This is why TRX is **currently deflationary by ~0.3% annually** (excluding burns for the USDD minting process). > > **Settlement layer for Tether** > > According to Blockchain's [Sep 2022 interview with Justin Sun](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/exploring-tron-with-justin-sun-and-blockchain-com/id1536699961), **the original purpose of Tron was to act as a stablecoin settlement network and reserve network for Tether** (USDT). Sure enough, the bulk of DeFi on Tron's network deal with stablecoins. As of Sep 2022, [45% of Tether is now held on Tron](https://defillama.com/stablecoin/tether). And with Ethereum transaction fees being so high, Tron has become an attractive platform for USDT dApps. > > ####**DeFi Usages** > > **Smart Contracts** > > Tron's VM (TVM) is EVM-compatible and uses Solidity for the smart contract language. It is also Turing-complete. Thus, it's simple to rewrite EVM contracts for TVM. > > - **Tron's [DeFi TVL is massive at $5.4B](https://defillama.com/chains), putting at 3rd place after Binance Smart Chain**. > - Though it is a bit suspicious though that 99% of Tron's DeFi TVL are on 3 projects that are literally named after Justin Sun, though that could just be because it's very new. In comparison, Ethereum's DeFi is spread over hundreds of dApps. > - Tron SUN's [Liquidity Pool](https://sun.io/#/home) provides very high interest for USDD-USDT pairs at 5-70% APY. Back in June-July, you could gain triple-digit APY on Tron DeFi with stablecoins while the governance rewards boosts were still active. > > ####**Sustainable Tokenomics for TRX** > > - TRX's tokenomics have a steady, permanent issuance for validators, so it's **sustainable**. All transaction fees are burned. This isn't too different than Ethereum's tokenomics model (other than that Ethereum only burns part of the fee). > - TRX has a total circulating supply of about 92B, which is noticeably lower than their highest supply of 102B before the TRX-to-USDD minting protocol. TRX suddenly became [deflationary on Oct 27, 2021](https://tronscan.org/#/data/stats2/circulation). Supply has fallen about 10% since then due to token burns, making **TRX one of the most deflationary cryptocurrency in the top 30**. > - If we ignore the token burns from USDD minting, each day, ~5M TRX is minted, ~6M is burned (from transaction fees). **This gives net issuance of 1M TRX burned daily, or 0.3% annual deflation.** > > **Good TRX price action during the bear market** > > Tron's native token, TRX, is currently #15 in marketcap as of Sept 2022 with a [marketcap of $6B](https://www.coingecko.com/en/coins/tron). Its value has held up surprisingly well during the bear market, barely falling 50% while the rest of cryptocurrencies fell closer to 70-90%. **TRX is up 2x vs Bitcoin over the past year** during the bear market, pumping especially hard right around the launch of USDD and introduction of major staking and governance boost projects. > > ####**USDD, a hybrid stablecoin without UST's flaws?** > > **USDD is a hybrid collateralized/algorithmic (seigniorage) stablecoin** launched in May 2022 on Tron's network. It is one of the biggest focuses on the Tron roadmap. It was originally designed as a purely-algorithmic stablecoin based on Terra's now-failed Luna and UST stablecoin. After the collapse of Luna UST, the Tron DAO Reserve (TDR) made several changes to USDD to avoid a similar failure: > > **Differences between UST and USDD** > > 1. The biggest difference is that USDD is 300% collateralized with 11B TRX, 14K BTC, 100M USDT, and 1M USDC [Source](https://usdd.io/). **This makes USDD one of the most collateralized stablecoins.** In comparison, DAI is only 120% collateralized, and USDT and USDC are only 100% collateralized. > 1. TDR controls how much USDD can be minted or redeemed, so it's not purely algorithmic. Thus, TDR has full power to stop it from crashing. > 1. USDD will be released in multiple phases. The current phase only allows for a minting of 2B USDD. This is to limit USDD from growing astronomically quickly like with UST. [[Source](https://trondao.medium.com/improving-usdd-from-lessons-learned-e2600d7f94ad)] > 1. You're probably wondering what's the catch. There is a Peg Stability Module (PSM) that allows minting of USDD by burning TRX. You can current burn TRX for minting USDD, but **you cannot redeem USDD for TRX** [[source](https://twitter.com/TheImmutable/status/1536930692344401921)]. There is no liquidity on any of the [PSM smart contracts](https://docs.usdd.io/psm/the-psm#psm-contracts) to trade USDD for anything else. ***** Would you like to learn more? Check out the [Cointest archive](/r/CointestOfficial/wiki/cointest_archive#wiki_tron) to find submissions for other topics.

CointestMod

#TRON Pro-Arguments Below is a TRON pro-argument written by a deleted user. > ##**PROs** > > **Disclaimer**: There is little reliable information about Tron that isn't from Tron DAO or Justin Sun interviews. The official [Tron DAO Medium](https://trondao.medium.com/) site doesn't provide links to sources in the blog, making it harder to fact check and analyze. Many of its sources are from Weibo posts that are inaccessible beyond the Great Firewall of China. Tron's documentation and community posts provide way less information than that of other major blockchain projects. Nevertheless, I'm make do with what I can get. > > ####**Performance and Consensus** > > **High throughput and fast finality** > > Blocks are produced every 3s with a max size of 2M bytes. Consensus is completed using DPoS with a fault tolerance of 70% (9/27) Super Respresentatives that act as validators. There are over 350 SR/validator candidates who vote on the 27 SRs each 6 hours. > > - **High Throughtput**: **Tron can reach a max throughput of 2600 TPS with full 2M blocks** and its current balance of actual transactions, which is really high for an EVM-compatible blockchain. > - My calculations used [Tronscan data](https://tronscan.org/#/blockchain/blocks): Basic TRX and token transfers use 250-500 Bandwidth. The current average bandwidth for each transaction is currently 298, which is not that much higher than the lower end for basic transactions. > - Each bandwidth is 0.850 bytes, so you can fit 7800 average transactions in a single 3s block. Tron officially claims that it can reach 2000 TPS, so they're giving a conservative estimate. > - Even filled with 350-550 bandwidth swaps for [SunswapV2Router02](https://tronscan.org/#/contract/TKzxdSv2FZKQrEqkKVgp5DcwEXBEKMg2Ax/transactions), that's 1400 TPS on the lower end. That's way faster swaps than [everything other than Algorand](https://medium.com/dragonfly-research/the-amm-test-a-no-bs-look-at-l1-performance-4c8c2129d581). > - The tradeoff is that consensus is highly centralized (only 27 validators), and that the validators have very high requirements like having 32 CPU cores and 64GB of memory. > - In comparison, Ethereum's Layer 1 in comparison, can only do ~15 TPS average (59 TPS for basic transfers, 7 TPS for Uniswap v3 swaps). > - **Fast Finality in 3s**: All 27 SRs are currently playing friendly with each other, so for all practical purposes, finality is in 3 seconds. (Deterministic finality occurs every 27 blocks, or 81 seconds). > > **Network Energy usage** > > Tron's estimated annual energy usage for 2022 is estimated to be 1.7 kWh, or the **energy usage of [15 average US households](https://decrypt.co/108115/tron-network-energy-use-matches-that-of-15-us-households-ccri-report)**. This puts it slightly lower than the consumption of Avalanche, Algorand, Cardano, and Solana's networks. Its carbon footprint is also 4x lower than the others. And it uses 100000x less energy than Bitcoin. > > ####**Ease of Basic Utility** > > **Transaction fees are covered for FREE by freezing TRX** > > Tron has a unique design for transaction fees instead of using gas. Transactions fees are divided into bandwidth (pays for data bytes) and energy (pays for computations). All transactions require bandwidth while only contracts need energy. > > The benefit is that you get **FREE bandwidth and energy by freezing TRX**, a process similar to staking. You currently receive about 28 energy and 1 bandwidth daily [per frozen TRX](https://tronstation.io/calculator). Basic smart contracts use 350 Bandwidth (requires freezing 330 TRX) and 14.7K energy (requires staking 520 TRX). At current TRX prices, **if you freeze $2500 worth of TRX, you could perform 100 free basic transactions daily**. In addition, each account receives [1.5 kb of bandwidth daily](https://developers.tron.network/docs/resource-model) (originally 5 kb) for free even without freezing TRX, which is good for ~5 transactions. Though I suspect users can abuse this by creating new accounts. > > Any transaction fees in excess of the free energy and bandwidth are burned. This is why TRX is **currently deflationary by ~0.3% annually** (excluding burns for the USDD minting process). > > **Settlement layer for Tether** > > According to Blockchain's [Sep 2022 interview with Justin Sun](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/exploring-tron-with-justin-sun-and-blockchain-com/id1536699961), **the original purpose of Tron was to act as a stablecoin settlement network and reserve network for Tether** (USDT). Sure enough, the bulk of DeFi on Tron's network deal with stablecoins. As of Sep 2022, [45% of Tether is now held on Tron](https://defillama.com/stablecoin/tether). And with Ethereum transaction fees being so high, Tron has become an attractive platform for USDT dApps. > > ####**DeFi Usages** > > **Smart Contracts** > > Tron's VM (TVM) is EVM-compatible and uses Solidity for the smart contract language. It is also Turing-complete. Thus, it's simple to rewrite EVM contracts for TVM. > > - **Tron's [DeFi TVL is massive at $5.4B](https://defillama.com/chains), putting at 3rd place after Binance Smart Chain**. > - Though it is a bit suspicious though that 99% of Tron's DeFi TVL are on 3 projects that are literally named after Justin Sun, though that could just be because it's very new. In comparison, Ethereum's DeFi is spread over hundreds of dApps. > - Tron SUN's [Liquidity Pool](https://sun.io/#/home) provides very high interest for USDD-USDT pairs at 5-70% APY. Back in June-July, you could gain triple-digit APY on Tron DeFi with stablecoins while the governance rewards boosts were still active. > > ####**Sustainable Tokenomics for TRX** > > - TRX's tokenomics have a steady, permanent issuance for validators, so it's **sustainable**. All transaction fees are burned. This isn't too different than Ethereum's tokenomics model (other than that Ethereum only burns part of the fee). > - TRX has a total circulating supply of about 92B, which is noticeably lower than their highest supply of 102B before the TRX-to-USDD minting protocol. TRX suddenly became [deflationary on Oct 27, 2021](https://tronscan.org/#/data/stats2/circulation). Supply has fallen about 10% since then due to token burns, making **TRX one of the most deflationary cryptocurrency in the top 30**. > - If we ignore the token burns from USDD minting, each day, ~5M TRX is minted, ~6M is burned (from transaction fees). **This gives net issuance of 1M TRX burned daily, or 0.3% annual deflation.** > > **Good TRX price action during the bear market** > > Tron's native token, TRX, is currently #15 in marketcap as of Sept 2022 with a [marketcap of $6B](https://www.coingecko.com/en/coins/tron). Its value has held up surprisingly well during the bear market, barely falling 50% while the rest of cryptocurrencies fell closer to 70-90%. **TRX is up 2x vs Bitcoin over the past year** during the bear market, pumping especially hard right around the launch of USDD and introduction of major staking and governance boost projects. > > ####**USDD, a hybrid stablecoin without UST's flaws?** > > **USDD is a hybrid collateralized/algorithmic (seigniorage) stablecoin** launched in May 2022 on Tron's network. It is one of the biggest focuses on the Tron roadmap. It was originally designed as a purely-algorithmic stablecoin based on Terra's now-failed Luna and UST stablecoin. After the collapse of Luna UST, the Tron DAO Reserve (TDR) made several changes to USDD to avoid a similar failure: > > **Differences between UST and USDD** > > 1. The biggest difference is that USDD is 300% collateralized with 11B TRX, 14K BTC, 100M USDT, and 1M USDC [Source](https://usdd.io/). **This makes USDD one of the most collateralized stablecoins.** In comparison, DAI is only 120% collateralized, and USDT and USDC are only 100% collateralized. > 1. TDR controls how much USDD can be minted or redeemed, so it's not purely algorithmic. Thus, TDR has full power to stop it from crashing. > 1. USDD will be released in multiple phases. The current phase only allows for a minting of 2B USDD. This is to limit USDD from growing astronomically quickly like with UST. [[Source](https://trondao.medium.com/improving-usdd-from-lessons-learned-e2600d7f94ad)] > 1. You're probably wondering what's the catch. There is a Peg Stability Module (PSM) that allows minting of USDD by burning TRX. You can current burn TRX for minting USDD, but **you cannot redeem USDD for TRX** [[source](https://twitter.com/TheImmutable/status/1536930692344401921)]. There is no liquidity on any of the [PSM smart contracts](https://docs.usdd.io/psm/the-psm#psm-contracts) to trade USDD for anything else. ***** Would you like to learn more? Check out the [Cointest archive](/r/CointestOfficial/wiki/cointest_archive#wiki_tron) to find submissions for other topics.

0delta

I will start mining on a CPU

FieserKiller

I think there is currently no functioning CPU/GPU SHA256 mining software. But there are alternitive projects: Check out bitaxe and nerdminer. this are small mining devices you can run on your desk for solo mining or pooled with other users

CointestMod

#TRON Con-Arguments Below is a TRON con-argument written by CreepToeCurrentSea. > TRON is a decentralized, open-source blockchain-based operating system with smart contract functionality, a proof-of-stake consensus algorithm, and its own cryptocurrency, Tronix (TRX). Justin Sun founded it in March 2014, and it has been overseen and supervised by the TRON Foundation, a non-profit organization in Singapore founded the same year. It began as an Ethereum-based ERC-20 token before migrating to its own blockchain in 2018. > > # CONS > > **Whitepaper Plagiarism** > > In January 2018, Tron's developers were accused of plagiarism after many sections of the Tron whitepaper appeared nearly identical to IPFS and Filecoin technical documentation. IPFS is an acronym for InterPlanetary File System. Juan Benet, CEO of Protocol Labs, which develops IFPS tools and services, revealed on Twitter in early January 2018 that Tron's whitepaper authors did not properly cite references and that the document was "mostly copied" from other projects. Even the equations and formulas mentioned in the first version of Tron's whitepaper were identical to those found in IPFS documentation. Sun claimed to have a "very detailed" reference to the most recent Chinese version of the Tron whitepaper. He also claimed that the Tron paper was translated into other languages by volunteers who may have overlooked important details. Just as Vitalik had also sarcastically said in twitter regarding the teams copy-pasting abilities, this just goes to show how un-genuine their team appears even making the most basic of mistakes. > > **Question of Vulnerability** > > A barrage of requests sent by a single PC could be used to squeeze the power of the blockchain's CPU, overload the memory, and perform a distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attack, according to HackerOne. "Using a single machine, an attacker could send DDOS attack to all or 51 percent of the Super Representative (SR) node and render Tron network unusable or unavailable," the claim goes. While TRON is somewhat better in marketing compared to other cryptocurrencies, it falls short on one of the most important pillars for an effective one, that of which is security. To hinder a blockchain with just one computer is the polar opposite of what you want a cryptocurrency to be. > > **Un-Stablecoin** > > TRON's native stablecoin "USDD" de-pegged to the US dollar earlier this year, falling to as low as 91 cents. Its design is uncannily similar to Terra's stablecoin, UST, which lost its price peg and imploded a month ago, wiping out $40 billion in market value. If it continues to follow UST's path considering how similar they are in function and structure, one could assume they also have a ticking algorithmic time bomb in the making. > > **Final Thoughts** > > It seems that TRON has a knack for idolizing (to the point of almost copying their work) other projects both in and out of the crypto-sphere. What I do hope is that they also know what not absorb. Else, they have nothing but a mushed up bowl of their favorite things and just decided it would stick together with glue and duct tape. > > Sources: > > [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tron\_(cryptocurrency)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tron_(cryptocurrency)) > > [https://cryptoslate.com/justin-suns-controversies-plagiarism-teslas-warren-buffett-kidney-stones-and-a-deleted-apology/](https://cryptoslate.com/justin-suns-controversies-plagiarism-teslas-warren-buffett-kidney-stones-and-a-deleted-apology/) > > [https://www.inverse.com/article/40050-tron-trx-cryptocurrency-plagiarism-scandal](https://www.inverse.com/article/40050-tron-trx-cryptocurrency-plagiarism-scandal) > > [https://www.zdnet.com/article/tron-critical-security-flaw-could-break-the-entire-blockchain/](https://www.zdnet.com/article/tron-critical-security-flaw-could-break-the-entire-blockchain/) > > [https://fortune.com/2022/06/13/algorithmic-stablecoin-usdd-loses-peg-justin-sun-tron-decentralized-usd/](https://fortune.com/2022/06/13/algorithmic-stablecoin-usdd-loses-peg-justin-sun-tron-decentralized-usd/) ***** Would you like to learn more? Check out the [Cointest archive](/r/CointestOfficial/wiki/cointest_archive#wiki_tron) to find submissions for other topics.

CointestMod

#TRON Pro-Arguments Below is a TRON pro-argument written by a deleted user. > ##**PROs** > > **Disclaimer**: There is little reliable information about Tron that isn't from Tron DAO or Justin Sun interviews. The official [Tron DAO Medium](https://trondao.medium.com/) site doesn't provide links to sources in the blog, making it harder to fact check and analyze. Many of its sources are from Weibo posts that are inaccessible beyond the Great Firewall of China. Tron's documentation and community posts provide way less information than that of other major blockchain projects. Nevertheless, I'm make do with what I can get. > > ####**Performance and Consensus** > > **High throughput and fast finality** > > Blocks are produced every 3s with a max size of 2M bytes. Consensus is completed using DPoS with a fault tolerance of 70% (9/27) Super Respresentatives that act as validators. There are over 350 SR/validator candidates who vote on the 27 SRs each 6 hours. > > - **High Throughtput**: **Tron can reach a max throughput of 2600 TPS with full 2M blocks** and its current balance of actual transactions, which is really high for an EVM-compatible blockchain. > - My calculations used [Tronscan data](https://tronscan.org/#/blockchain/blocks): Basic TRX and token transfers use 250-500 Bandwidth. The current average bandwidth for each transaction is currently 298, which is not that much higher than the lower end for basic transactions. > - Each bandwidth is 0.850 bytes, so you can fit 7800 average transactions in a single 3s block. Tron officially claims that it can reach 2000 TPS, so they're giving a conservative estimate. > - Even filled with 350-550 bandwidth swaps for [SunswapV2Router02](https://tronscan.org/#/contract/TKzxdSv2FZKQrEqkKVgp5DcwEXBEKMg2Ax/transactions), that's 1400 TPS on the lower end. That's way faster swaps than [everything other than Algorand](https://medium.com/dragonfly-research/the-amm-test-a-no-bs-look-at-l1-performance-4c8c2129d581). > - The tradeoff is that consensus is highly centralized (only 27 validators), and that the validators have very high requirements like having 32 CPU cores and 64GB of memory. > - In comparison, Ethereum's Layer 1 in comparison, can only do ~15 TPS average (59 TPS for basic transfers, 7 TPS for Uniswap v3 swaps). > - **Fast Finality in 3s**: All 27 SRs are currently playing friendly with each other, so for all practical purposes, finality is in 3 seconds. (Deterministic finality occurs every 27 blocks, or 81 seconds). > > **Network Energy usage** > > Tron's estimated annual energy usage for 2022 is estimated to be 1.7 kWh, or the **energy usage of [15 average US households](https://decrypt.co/108115/tron-network-energy-use-matches-that-of-15-us-households-ccri-report)**. This puts it slightly lower than the consumption of Avalanche, Algorand, Cardano, and Solana's networks. Its carbon footprint is also 4x lower than the others. And it uses 100000x less energy than Bitcoin. > > ####**Ease of Basic Utility** > > **Transaction fees are covered for FREE by freezing TRX** > > Tron has a unique design for transaction fees instead of using gas. Transactions fees are divided into bandwidth (pays for data bytes) and energy (pays for computations). All transactions require bandwidth while only contracts need energy. > > The benefit is that you get **FREE bandwidth and energy by freezing TRX**, a process similar to staking. You currently receive about 28 energy and 1 bandwidth daily [per frozen TRX](https://tronstation.io/calculator). Basic smart contracts use 350 Bandwidth (requires freezing 330 TRX) and 14.7K energy (requires staking 520 TRX). At current TRX prices, **if you freeze $2500 worth of TRX, you could perform 100 free basic transactions daily**. In addition, each account receives [1.5 kb of bandwidth daily](https://developers.tron.network/docs/resource-model) (originally 5 kb) for free even without freezing TRX, which is good for ~5 transactions. Though I suspect users can abuse this by creating new accounts. > > Any transaction fees in excess of the free energy and bandwidth are burned. This is why TRX is **currently deflationary by ~0.3% annually** (excluding burns for the USDD minting process). > > **Settlement layer for Tether** > > According to Blockchain's [Sep 2022 interview with Justin Sun](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/exploring-tron-with-justin-sun-and-blockchain-com/id1536699961), **the original purpose of Tron was to act as a stablecoin settlement network and reserve network for Tether** (USDT). Sure enough, the bulk of DeFi on Tron's network deal with stablecoins. As of Sep 2022, [45% of Tether is now held on Tron](https://defillama.com/stablecoin/tether). And with Ethereum transaction fees being so high, Tron has become an attractive platform for USDT dApps. > > ####**DeFi Usages** > > **Smart Contracts** > > Tron's VM (TVM) is EVM-compatible and uses Solidity for the smart contract language. It is also Turing-complete. Thus, it's simple to rewrite EVM contracts for TVM. > > - **Tron's [DeFi TVL is massive at $5.4B](https://defillama.com/chains), putting at 3rd place after Binance Smart Chain**. > - Though it is a bit suspicious though that 99% of Tron's DeFi TVL are on 3 projects that are literally named after Justin Sun, though that could just be because it's very new. In comparison, Ethereum's DeFi is spread over hundreds of dApps. > - Tron SUN's [Liquidity Pool](https://sun.io/#/home) provides very high interest for USDD-USDT pairs at 5-70% APY. Back in June-July, you could gain triple-digit APY on Tron DeFi with stablecoins while the governance rewards boosts were still active. > > ####**Sustainable Tokenomics for TRX** > > - TRX's tokenomics have a steady, permanent issuance for validators, so it's **sustainable**. All transaction fees are burned. This isn't too different than Ethereum's tokenomics model (other than that Ethereum only burns part of the fee). > - TRX has a total circulating supply of about 92B, which is noticeably lower than their highest supply of 102B before the TRX-to-USDD minting protocol. TRX suddenly became [deflationary on Oct 27, 2021](https://tronscan.org/#/data/stats2/circulation). Supply has fallen about 10% since then due to token burns, making **TRX one of the most deflationary cryptocurrency in the top 30**. > - If we ignore the token burns from USDD minting, each day, ~5M TRX is minted, ~6M is burned (from transaction fees). **This gives net issuance of 1M TRX burned daily, or 0.3% annual deflation.** > > **Good TRX price action during the bear market** > > Tron's native token, TRX, is currently #15 in marketcap as of Sept 2022 with a [marketcap of $6B](https://www.coingecko.com/en/coins/tron). Its value has held up surprisingly well during the bear market, barely falling 50% while the rest of cryptocurrencies fell closer to 70-90%. **TRX is up 2x vs Bitcoin over the past year** during the bear market, pumping especially hard right around the launch of USDD and introduction of major staking and governance boost projects. > > ####**USDD, a hybrid stablecoin without UST's flaws?** > > **USDD is a hybrid collateralized/algorithmic (seigniorage) stablecoin** launched in May 2022 on Tron's network. It is one of the biggest focuses on the Tron roadmap. It was originally designed as a purely-algorithmic stablecoin based on Terra's now-failed Luna and UST stablecoin. After the collapse of Luna UST, the Tron DAO Reserve (TDR) made several changes to USDD to avoid a similar failure: > > **Differences between UST and USDD** > > 1. The biggest difference is that USDD is 300% collateralized with 11B TRX, 14K BTC, 100M USDT, and 1M USDC [Source](https://usdd.io/). **This makes USDD one of the most collateralized stablecoins.** In comparison, DAI is only 120% collateralized, and USDT and USDC are only 100% collateralized. > 1. TDR controls how much USDD can be minted or redeemed, so it's not purely algorithmic. Thus, TDR has full power to stop it from crashing. > 1. USDD will be released in multiple phases. The current phase only allows for a minting of 2B USDD. This is to limit USDD from growing astronomically quickly like with UST. [[Source](https://trondao.medium.com/improving-usdd-from-lessons-learned-e2600d7f94ad)] > 1. You're probably wondering what's the catch. There is a Peg Stability Module (PSM) that allows minting of USDD by burning TRX. You can current burn TRX for minting USDD, but **you cannot redeem USDD for TRX** [[source](https://twitter.com/TheImmutable/status/1536930692344401921)]. There is no liquidity on any of the [PSM smart contracts](https://docs.usdd.io/psm/the-psm#psm-contracts) to trade USDD for anything else. ***** Would you like to learn more? Check out the [Cointest archive](/r/CointestOfficial/wiki/cointest_archive#wiki_tron) to find submissions for other topics.

Narrow_Elk6755

Non-cloud just won't be a thing in most workplaces, there is zero reason not to use it given economies of scale and flexible loads. My company uses like 3% CPU load, and most the data we store is badly duplicated uncompressed legacy crap that can live in cold storage.

CurrencyAlarming1099

Making transactions private involves algorithms that take up more CPU, memory and storage resources, so a given machine could process fewer of those transactions than bitcoin transactions.

octavian8

Actually, I don't think July 2010 mentioned in the article is really early enough to be called "Satoshi Era" early. Bitcoin was already live for 1.5 years (I believe). Maybe it's the "Gavin Andresen era" since the bitcoin faucet started in June 2010. Or, maybe call it the "CPU mining era."

dirufa

1 a day? Guess he missed the 50 BTC block reward at the beginning. With a CPU. Even multiple times a day. Damn, so much time has passed

CointestMod

#Avalanche Pro-Arguments Below is a Avalanche pro-argument written by ExchangeEnough7821. > AVAX Pros: (similar to my previous Avax post from the January round) > > What is Avalanche? > > Avalanche is a cryptocurrency that uses smart contracts in order to host a large number of blockchain projects. It is one of the many coins that potentially could rival Ethereum. The two main priorities and focuses of the AVAX project are the speed of transactions of this coin, and the scalability of this coin and its infrastructure. Finally, the avalanche is completely open source, so all users can add to or just look at the code that makes up AVAX. > > What are the pros of Avalanche? > > Most notably, Avalanche has a very quick transaction processing speed, So far, AVAX can handle 4,500 transactions per second, a large increase compared to Ethereum’s 15 per second - seemingly tiny in comparison. Therefore, Avalanche has a greater ability to scale large amounts – it can handle large demand and interaction that comes with a popular network. > > One of the things most valued by those using the AVAX blockchain and invested in the avalanche coin is the rewards given for processing AVAX transactions. This reward structure is so attractive particularly due to its low system requirements- only 4GB RAM and a 2GHz CPU are needed, making this reward structure accessible to everyone, in turn making the user base of AVAX larger. By rewarding participation, it encourages users to get involved with the avalanche network. > > Finally, Avalanche uses 3 compatible and interoperable blockchains that, when used together, can overcome issues faced by other blockchains. The first of these is the X-Chain, which is responsible for creating and exchanging the AVAX assets and of course coins. Secondly, there is the C-Chain (the contract chain) which is for hosting the decentralised applications and smart contracts. Finally, the P-Chain keeps track of active subnets, and easily creates new ones. When all of these are combined, the AVAX blockchain is well rounded and with few flaws. > > In conclusion, the main pros of the Avalanche network is its incredibly fast processing speed, rewards scheme and the interoperable blockchains that overcome issues faced by many other ones. ***** Would you like to learn more? Check out the [Cointest archive](/r/CointestOfficial/wiki/cointest_archive#wiki_Avalanche) to find submissions for other topics.

Narrow_Elk6755

It makes me a farmer running from an evil turnip, it's hilarious.  You think some neutral model creation software you can now run on a crappy CPU off Github is somehow inherently evil?

SmoothGoing

Just in case this needs to be said out loud.. stuff at work is for business purposes only. Unless you own the business outright, don't abuse company resources for your hobbies. Does not matter if it's some CPU cycles or some bandwidth or a paper clip. Taking it is stealing it. I am aware that others don't have the same standards for themselves.

LucysReindeer

What is CPU and FOMC? Is the market going to eventually get to a new ATH and be like other cycles?

soks86

Not when you use CPU/GPU/FPGA in the early days. When ASIC came out you had to put more money in or drop out. I mean know-how, sure, but once it got competitive you kind of had to learn how to keep it profitable. For the first bit there, all you had to do was turn it on and poof, 50 BTC every once in a while, well, pooling didn't take that long really.

Desperate-Barnacle-4

No, you will never find a block this way. A modern CPU can make a few million hashes a second. A decent GPU could do a billion. And an ASIC will do many trillion hashes a second. When someone solo mined a block with 17TH/s it made the news https://x.com/altair_tech/status/1667283976912863233 a miner like this could expect 1 block every 450 years.

_TheWolfOfWalmart_

Why not? There are huge multipliers to be had if you know where to find them. I bought 18 million Kaspa between $0.0002 and $0.003. The biggest bad decision was selling 17 million of them around $0.01. I put it that into BTC. Did almost a 3x from that, but in the mean time KAS increased a lot more. Recently sucked it up and put most of it back into KAS around $0.10. I also CPU mined 55 billion Nexa in the first few months for a cost of $36 per billion. Now it's worth $4200 per billion. You just have to grind every day in the bear markets. You can just sit back and baghold some old dino shitcoin.

shadowdax

You're not necessarily wrong (it's an ok post in general), but within the scope of these trade-offs there is still room for 10x or 100x performance differences. In the same way your desktop computer can max out the CPU running some stupid flash browser game or a triple-A gaming title, you have to acknowledge that there are massive gains in optimal performance still available at the software level. The main reason Solana is >10x faster than Ethereum is simply because you have to declare, up-front, what accounts a Solana transaction touches and so the transactions can be parallelised to different cores on a server, since you know which transactions will not conflict. That has nothing to do with the decentralisation<->performance trade off you describe. Then we get in to the validator client being written in Rust vs Go, or bare metal C/C++ with kernel bypass and lock-free queues and simd instructions as Jump Trading are currently doing on Solana with the Firedancer rewrite. The trade-off you describe is real, but it is dwarfed by how slow and poorly designed some of these early blockchains are. There are still huge performance gains on the table before you are even faced with the trade-offs you describe. The Solana thesis is really that there is no point scaling with L2s and the like until you have really hit the wall of what is possible on commodity hardware, and ethereum as it stands is probably 100x away from what is possible on a modern server with an FPGA equipped NIC.

Justsomedudeonthenet

You cannot mine bitcoin on a CPU or GPU these days. At least not in a way that makes you any sort of profit at all. Mining bitcoin requires machines designed specifically for it. Search for "ASIC miner" to learn more about that. There are other cryptocurrencies you might be able to mine on CPU or GPU, but not bitcoin.

analogOnly

Also not necessarily the case. CPU mining was good from 2009-2011ish..then GPU mining became popular and then in 2012 it was mostly ASIC mining.

TomentoShow

I had a brand new threadripper CPU that needed a 256mb (or something really small) memory stick to configure or it wouldn't work. This was a brand new 2018 CPU We had to buy one on ebay I think lol.

NewOCLibraryReddit

> Mining centralization due to high capital costs to buy/operate miners This was by design. It was always going to lead to this. The biggest investment will likely control the most CPU power, and will have more skin in the game, and will be more inclined to be "honest node". You want this instead of some shady miner(s) who will cheat and corrupt the chain.

thecoat9

>this would change in case of a potential mass adoption when more people/institutions would start mining. Is this assumption correct? Not really. All miners are full nodes but not all full nodes are miners. A non mining node can check the validity of a mining nodes solution to verify it was the first to solve the next block, IE joining the consensus mechanism and adding to the networks security, but it need not run on bleeding edge hardware using a bunch of electricity to try and guess the next solution first, rather it can run on whatever reasonable hardware you want and it does not need a bunch of electricity to confirm the solution. We could very well see a day where bitcoin validation nodes are some what like SETI at home, where you can download and run a node using your off time CPU cycles.

Pasukaru0

> you have a quantum computer with enough q-bits to run the algorithm What a useless statement. The same holds true for traditional computers, just need enough CPU power. >q-bits to run those complex hashing/encryption algorithms Quantum computers would not run those to crack it. Look into Shor's algorithm if you want an example how it could eventually work. One thing you said is true though. We are not remotely close to any of this.

Hitchie_Rawtin

Independent data centers versus AWS, Azure, Google Cloud, they're decentralising away from the kings of industry. Much much lower egress (data output) cost, one vertical tech stack versus you needing to sort out separate database, security, server accounts which introduce vectors of attack - exploits tend to exploit vulnerabilities in between the sellotaped-together current Web2 stack. Well, that and people, people making mistakes are usually the main culprit in a hack. They're going to be allowing servers outside of the strict spec they have at the moment eventually, but it'll still be very high spec and you'll need a 1Gbit connection minimum, I think the machines at the moment cost about $22k and require 30TB of NVMe storage 512GB RAM and an AMD Epyc CPU. I'd expect the next generation of requirements to be higher spec and probably around the same cost. Whether they allow you to become a node or not also depends on use of the network - there's no point paying tons of node rewards to an ever growing flood of nodes that aren't anywhere near max capacity. Current usage suggests it could be a year or two before they open up to onboard the people who've already signed onto the waitlist to become a node. There was talk about creating a sibling network called "Badlands" where the system requirements would be more of an anything-goes and people could choose poor performance for the sake of greater decentralisation, but that has been shelves at least for the time being. I personally think there's no point in doing it because it sounds like exactly what Maidsafe/Autonomi is aiming for, they can let them do the Badlands thing and incorporate and communicate with that chain via a canister in the future. Plus it's a bit of a waste of Dfinity's R&D time when they should focus purely on bolstering the IC's tech stack.

ScoobaMonsta

More decentralised mining leads to a more secure network. Increased hash rate can simply be increased by adding more mining machines. Asics mining is specifically designed machines. CPU mining can be done on any average computer. Asics year on year is centralising. CPU mining is decentralising. Hash rate is determined by how many miners are on the network. Asics mining is done by the wealthy. CPU mining can be done by anyone.

TroubleInMyMind

I remember thinking neat its like SETI when you could still CPU mine and then just ignoring it lol.

Adventurous-Ad-101

The two aren't like-for-like. ICP maximizes GPU potential whereas other blockchains focus on CPU and decentralisation. The best world is ICP uses blockchains whilst it computes significant tasks.

vebi77

Mine are selling for buying new stuff, now you need to get bigger CPU for a mining a BTC

Archophob

for use on a windows laptop, check this list: [https://bitcoin.org/en/choose-your-wallet?step=5&platform=windows](https://bitcoin.org/en/choose-your-wallet?step=5&platform=windows) a warning sign in the "environment" category means, those are full nodes that use a lot of bandwidth and CPU power to download and verify the whole blockchain. Electrum and Green Wallet rely on public servers to verify the blockchain and only synchronise the addresses relevant for you, reducing the network and cpu load. Of these, Green is closed-source and Electrum is open source, therefor, Electrum scored better in transarency and validation. That was my reasoning why i'm using Electrum, anyway.

Corbimos

It's not the download. It's the verification that takes a while. You need CPU power. If you have a hobby machine, it will take time. It reads as "downloaded" cause it verifies the data as it is downloaded. Unless that wasn't a typo, and you do have a 50kb connection. That's really slow.... What are you using to run the full node? A raspi? Those take up to a week or two to verify.

One_Boot_5662

Decentralised compute resources have been running for decades on BOINC and Folding@Home on both CPU and GPU. Several projects have tried to commercialise this approach but it always seems to be lackluster, one of the major issues being enterprises don't want their stuff running on unknown hardware.

AvatarOfMomus

Strictly speaking you don't. The basic idea is that all the spent electricity becomes heat anyway, so this is just a roundabout way of using electricity to heat your home, with a higher upfront hardware cost. The two actually substantial problems are that electric heating isn't actually the cheapest option in most places, and the initial hardware cost is pretty substantial compared to a conventional heating system. The general rule of thumb is 10 watts of heating per square foot, so a 1500 square foot living area would need 15,000 watts of computing power to heat it. Even if we don't go for anything ludicrously expensive hardware wise, like we're not going for the most compute power per watt, you're still going to be looking at something like a dollar per watt of energy consumption for GPU compute, and about double that for CPU. That's going to more than double the cost of a conventional central air heating system, possibly triple it. Also, going by a 1660 Super, you're going to add an extra roughly 7 cubic feet of \*stuff\* for those \~120 GPUs, not accounting for what an actually good layout for thermal transfer would look like. And for all that you don't even hit the break-even point on the hardware until 2 years worth of time running your heating system, and that's at current BTC prices and hash rates. Unless you live in the literal arctic then the duty cycle on your system is going to be \*far\* from 100%... And if it's about 10% over the course of the year, then you actually pay off your hardware costs after about 20 years, which is about the point at which a normal heating system needs to be replaced anyways. It's also several times the expected life of the GPUs. In short, this does not save anyone any money as a dedicated heating system.

TheGreatMuffin

A lesser known fact is that Laszlo invented GPU mining, which was so much more effective than the CPU mining at that time, that Satoshi asked him to tone it down with mining to give others better chances to catch up (although I don't remember if that Satoshi Email was corroborated as genuine, iirc it was just Laszlo's words). Also, Laszlo did the same again with the first pizza bought over Lightning in 2018 or so.

ResponsibleTooth8291

OK. So I ran this. Thank you for the recommendation. Result: Big 'ol red FAIL. When prompted to save the html report (I'm using the free version) I told it "y", and I understand it puts it in the EFI/Boot partition, but when I reboot the computer into the native OS, it doesn't recognize the drive and tells me I need to format it, so I don't know how to actually find that html file? Maybe it only saves it for the paid version? Luckily, I took a picture of the final test result (see below). I understand it failed more than half the tests, but does this tell me that the error is the RAM? Or could it also be the CPU? I don't understand what any of the data below "# Tests Passed" actually means. For example, the manual describes: CPUs that detected memory errors, as "List of CPU cores that detected memory errors". But that doesn't really clarify what "(0,2)" means. Does that mean that neither of my CPU's 2 cores have any memory errors and the issues are isolated to RAM? Appreciate any help! CPUs Active 2 CPU Temperature (Min/Max/Ave) 47C/70C/61C RAM Temperature (Min/Max/Ave) -/-/- # Tests Completed 48/48 (100%) # Tests Passed 25/48 (52%) Lowest Error Address 0x19182DA98 (6424MB) Highest Error Address 0x19182DA98 (6424MB) Bits in Error Mask 0000000010000000 Max Contiguous Errors 1 CPUs that detected memory errors (0,2)

ExcitingAsDeath

Internet protection is not a scam. At AAA Super Cyber Security we adjust your IP, your CPU, and your data to be as safe as possible for as low as $1.99 a month! As a 100% FREE service, we can even store your keys and wallet!

analogOnly

If you have the master password hash (maybe in the file?), you can brute-force using john-the-ripper (CPU, use if you have argon2), or Hashcat (PBKDF2, on GPU). You can define custom rules for generating password candidates in either tool, but beware that setting this up is a bit technically involved.

analogOnly

If you have the master password hash, you can brute-force using john-the-ripper (CPU, use if you have argon2), or Hashcat (PBKDF2, on GPU). You can define custom rules for generating password candidates in either tool, but beware that setting this up is a bit technically involved.

marfalump

Think of a bitcoin block (3.125 bitcoins) like it’s locked with a special encrypted number. Mining computers try to guess the encrypted number. The first computer to guess it wins the new block. Then there’s a new block or number to guess. On average, a new block is mined every ten minutes. If computers are mining too fast, the network makes the encrypted number hared to guess. If computers are mining too slow, it makes the next encrypted number easier to guess. Mining equipment is expensive and hard yo use. 99% of the time, it is more profitable and practical for users to just buy bitcoin and hold it, rather than mine it. Also- Long ago (pre-2012), you used to be able to mibe bitcoin on a simple CPU or GPU computer. But nowadays, mining is much, much more competitive, so you typically need large farms of very powerful computers and low energy cost to mine properly. I hope this helps.

cccanterbury

You need a tower, motherboard, power supply, CPU, RAM, SSDx2. Good internet is not cheap, you better be doing fun things with your internet that make it pay for itself. Oh wait a validator will pay for it, especially since they voted to pay themselves more. It's the smartest thing you can so with your memecoin gainz. Embed yourself in the infrastructure. Financial stability is a byproduct.

ma0za

No bud. Just no. Below are the Network & Hardware reqs for a rpc node. Source: https://docs.solanalabs.com/de/operations/requirements Networking: Internet service should be at least 1GBbit/s symmetric, commercial. 10GBit/s preferred. Hardware Recommendations The hardware recommendations below are provided as a guide. Operators are encouraged to do their own performance testing. CPU 12 cores / 24 threads, or more 2.8GHz base clock speed, or faster SHA extensions instruction support AMD Gen 3 or newer Intel Ice Lake or newer AVX2 instruction support (to use official release binaries, self-compile otherwise) Support for AVX512f is helpful RAM 256GB or more Error Correction Code (ECC) memory is suggested Motherboard with 512GB capacity suggested Disk PCIe Gen3 x4 NVME SSD, or better Accounts: 500GB, or larger. High TBW (Total Bytes Written) Ledger: 1TB or larger. High TBW suggested OS: (Optional) 500GB, or larger. SATA OK The OS may be installed on the ledger disk, though testing has shown better performance with the ledger on its own disk Accounts and ledger can be stored on the same disk, however due to high IOPS, this is not recommended The Samsung 970 and 980 Pro series SSDs are popular with the validator community GPUs Not necessary at this time Operators in the validator community do no use GPUs currently RPC Node Recommendations The hardware recommendations above should be considered bare minimums if the validator is intended to be employed as an RPC node. To provide full functionality and improved reliability, the following adjustments should be made. CPU 16 cores / 32 threads, or more RAM 512 GB or more if account-index is used Disk Consider a larger ledger disk if longer transaction history is required Accounts and ledger should not be stored on the same disk

ma0za

Source: https://docs.solanalabs.com/de/operations/requirements Hardware Recommendations The hardware recommendations below are provided as a guide. Operators are encouraged to do their own performance testing. CPU 12 cores / 24 threads, or more 2.8GHz base clock speed, or faster SHA extensions instruction support AMD Gen 3 or newer Intel Ice Lake or newer AVX2 instruction support (to use official release binaries, self-compile otherwise) Support for AVX512f is helpful RAM 256GB or more Error Correction Code (ECC) memory is suggested Motherboard with 512GB capacity suggested Disk PCIe Gen3 x4 NVME SSD, or better Accounts: 500GB, or larger. High TBW (Total Bytes Written) Ledger: 1TB or larger. High TBW suggested OS: (Optional) 500GB, or larger. SATA OK The OS may be installed on the ledger disk, though testing has shown better performance with the ledger on its own disk Accounts and ledger can be stored on the same disk, however due to high IOPS, this is not recommended The Samsung 970 and 980 Pro series SSDs are popular with the validator community GPUs Not necessary at this time Operators in the validator community do no use GPUs currently RPC Node Recommendations The hardware recommendations above should be considered bare minimums if the validator is intended to be employed as an RPC node. To provide full functionality and improved reliability, the following adjustments should be made. CPU 16 cores / 32 threads, or more RAM 512 GB or more if account-index is used Disk Consider a larger ledger disk if longer transaction history is required Accounts and ledger should not be stored on the same disk

brando2131

What algorithm does it use? Did the makers invent this algorithm? Why not use a well-known KDF? Why not use something like Argon2di? It is both CPU intensive and memory intensive. Also, any algorithm you invent or use, is always going to be easier if your attacker has more $$$$$. Bitcoin already has a timelock builtin, it uses the block height of when someone can spend an output. You can combine this with multisig/taproot and come up with some sophisticated spending conditions.

operat1ve

It’s gonna be purely based on CPU you create the puzzle on. The time is based on that CPU. Feel free to try it and publish your results. Also, the number to focus on is not number of cores but max GHz.

Odd_Monk_132

Do you have benchmarks of a 4 core vs 8 core CPU's of the same generation? Or under / overclocking CPU's?

Odd_Monk_132

Ok, so it's not niavely going to be stuck into some CUDA program. But presumably there's a big difference in execution time of a Raspi 0 vs the CPU I can buy?

CointestMod

#TRON Pro-Arguments Below is a TRON pro-argument written by a deleted user. > ##**PROs** > > **Disclaimer**: There is little reliable information about Tron that isn't from Tron DAO or Justin Sun interviews. The official [Tron DAO Medium](https://trondao.medium.com/) site doesn't provide links to sources in the blog, making it harder to fact check and analyze. Many of its sources are from Weibo posts that are inaccessible beyond the Great Firewall of China. Tron's documentation and community posts provide way less information than that of other major blockchain projects. Nevertheless, I'm make do with what I can get. > > ####**Performance and Consensus** > > **High throughput and fast finality** > > Blocks are produced every 3s with a max size of 2M bytes. Consensus is completed using DPoS with a fault tolerance of 70% (9/27) Super Respresentatives that act as validators. There are over 350 SR/validator candidates who vote on the 27 SRs each 6 hours. > > - **High Throughtput**: **Tron can reach a max throughput of 2600 TPS with full 2M blocks** and its current balance of actual transactions, which is really high for an EVM-compatible blockchain. > - My calculations used [Tronscan data](https://tronscan.org/#/blockchain/blocks): Basic TRX and token transfers use 250-500 Bandwidth. The current average bandwidth for each transaction is currently 298, which is not that much higher than the lower end for basic transactions. > - Each bandwidth is 0.850 bytes, so you can fit 7800 average transactions in a single 3s block. Tron officially claims that it can reach 2000 TPS, so they're giving a conservative estimate. > - Even filled with 350-550 bandwidth swaps for [SunswapV2Router02](https://tronscan.org/#/contract/TKzxdSv2FZKQrEqkKVgp5DcwEXBEKMg2Ax/transactions), that's 1400 TPS on the lower end. That's way faster swaps than [everything other than Algorand](https://medium.com/dragonfly-research/the-amm-test-a-no-bs-look-at-l1-performance-4c8c2129d581). > - The tradeoff is that consensus is highly centralized (only 27 validators), and that the validators have very high requirements like having 32 CPU cores and 64GB of memory. > - In comparison, Ethereum's Layer 1 in comparison, can only do ~15 TPS average (59 TPS for basic transfers, 7 TPS for Uniswap v3 swaps). > - **Fast Finality in 3s**: All 27 SRs are currently playing friendly with each other, so for all practical purposes, finality is in 3 seconds. (Deterministic finality occurs every 27 blocks, or 81 seconds). > > **Network Energy usage** > > Tron's estimated annual energy usage for 2022 is estimated to be 1.7 kWh, or the **energy usage of [15 average US households](https://decrypt.co/108115/tron-network-energy-use-matches-that-of-15-us-households-ccri-report)**. This puts it slightly lower than the consumption of Avalanche, Algorand, Cardano, and Solana's networks. Its carbon footprint is also 4x lower than the others. And it uses 100000x less energy than Bitcoin. > > ####**Ease of Basic Utility** > > **Transaction fees are covered for FREE by freezing TRX** > > Tron has a unique design for transaction fees instead of using gas. Transactions fees are divided into bandwidth (pays for data bytes) and energy (pays for computations). All transactions require bandwidth while only contracts need energy. > > The benefit is that you get **FREE bandwidth and energy by freezing TRX**, a process similar to staking. You currently receive about 28 energy and 1 bandwidth daily [per frozen TRX](https://tronstation.io/calculator). Basic smart contracts use 350 Bandwidth (requires freezing 330 TRX) and 14.7K energy (requires staking 520 TRX). At current TRX prices, **if you freeze $2500 worth of TRX, you could perform 100 free basic transactions daily**. In addition, each account receives [1.5 kb of bandwidth daily](https://developers.tron.network/docs/resource-model) (originally 5 kb) for free even without freezing TRX, which is good for ~5 transactions. Though I suspect users can abuse this by creating new accounts. > > Any transaction fees in excess of the free energy and bandwidth are burned. This is why TRX is **currently deflationary by ~0.3% annually** (excluding burns for the USDD minting process). > > **Settlement layer for Tether** > > According to Blockchain's [Sep 2022 interview with Justin Sun](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/exploring-tron-with-justin-sun-and-blockchain-com/id1536699961), **the original purpose of Tron was to act as a stablecoin settlement network and reserve network for Tether** (USDT). Sure enough, the bulk of DeFi on Tron's network deal with stablecoins. As of Sep 2022, [45% of Tether is now held on Tron](https://defillama.com/stablecoin/tether). And with Ethereum transaction fees being so high, Tron has become an attractive platform for USDT dApps. > > ####**DeFi Usages** > > **Smart Contracts** > > Tron's VM (TVM) is EVM-compatible and uses Solidity for the smart contract language. It is also Turing-complete. Thus, it's simple to rewrite EVM contracts for TVM. > > - **Tron's [DeFi TVL is massive at $5.4B](https://defillama.com/chains), putting at 3rd place after Binance Smart Chain**. > - Though it is a bit suspicious though that 99% of Tron's DeFi TVL are on 3 projects that are literally named after Justin Sun, though that could just be because it's very new. In comparison, Ethereum's DeFi is spread over hundreds of dApps. > - Tron SUN's [Liquidity Pool](https://sun.io/#/home) provides very high interest for USDD-USDT pairs at 5-70% APY. Back in June-July, you could gain triple-digit APY on Tron DeFi with stablecoins while the governance rewards boosts were still active. > > ####**Sustainable Tokenomics for TRX** > > - TRX's tokenomics have a steady, permanent issuance for validators, so it's **sustainable**. All transaction fees are burned. This isn't too different than Ethereum's tokenomics model (other than that Ethereum only burns part of the fee). > - TRX has a total circulating supply of about 92B, which is noticeably lower than their highest supply of 102B before the TRX-to-USDD minting protocol. TRX suddenly became [deflationary on Oct 27, 2021](https://tronscan.org/#/data/stats2/circulation). Supply has fallen about 10% since then due to token burns, making **TRX one of the most deflationary cryptocurrency in the top 30**. > - If we ignore the token burns from USDD minting, each day, ~5M TRX is minted, ~6M is burned (from transaction fees). **This gives net issuance of 1M TRX burned daily, or 0.3% annual deflation.** > > **Good TRX price action during the bear market** > > Tron's native token, TRX, is currently #15 in marketcap as of Sept 2022 with a [marketcap of $6B](https://www.coingecko.com/en/coins/tron). Its value has held up surprisingly well during the bear market, barely falling 50% while the rest of cryptocurrencies fell closer to 70-90%. **TRX is up 2x vs Bitcoin over the past year** during the bear market, pumping especially hard right around the launch of USDD and introduction of major staking and governance boost projects. > > ####**USDD, a hybrid stablecoin without UST's flaws?** > > **USDD is a hybrid collateralized/algorithmic (seigniorage) stablecoin** launched in May 2022 on Tron's network. It is one of the biggest focuses on the Tron roadmap. It was originally designed as a purely-algorithmic stablecoin based on Terra's now-failed Luna and UST stablecoin. After the collapse of Luna UST, the Tron DAO Reserve (TDR) made several changes to USDD to avoid a similar failure: > > **Differences between UST and USDD** > > 1. The biggest difference is that USDD is 300% collateralized with 11B TRX, 14K BTC, 100M USDT, and 1M USDC [Source](https://usdd.io/). **This makes USDD one of the most collateralized stablecoins.** In comparison, DAI is only 120% collateralized, and USDT and USDC are only 100% collateralized. > 1. TDR controls how much USDD can be minted or redeemed, so it's not purely algorithmic. Thus, TDR has full power to stop it from crashing. > 1. USDD will be released in multiple phases. The current phase only allows for a minting of 2B USDD. This is to limit USDD from growing astronomically quickly like with UST. [[Source](https://trondao.medium.com/improving-usdd-from-lessons-learned-e2600d7f94ad)] > 1. You're probably wondering what's the catch. There is a Peg Stability Module (PSM) that allows minting of USDD by burning TRX. You can current burn TRX for minting USDD, but **you cannot redeem USDD for TRX** [[source](https://twitter.com/TheImmutable/status/1536930692344401921)]. There is no liquidity on any of the [PSM smart contracts](https://docs.usdd.io/psm/the-psm#psm-contracts) to trade USDD for anything else. ***** Would you like to learn more? Check out the [Cointest archive](/r/CointestOfficial/wiki/cointest_archive#wiki_tron) to find submissions for other topics.

pythosynthesis

Stop thinking and arguing and to do some reading. All of this has been discussed a million times before, for those who are seriously interested in the topic. Long story short, disk size is not the issue, CPU is. If this is not clear, you're not in a position to even initiate the discussion.

Amber_Sam

Bitcoin blockchain size is at about 600GB, going 20X, we're talking about downloading over 10TB of data to set a new node up. The node will also need more CPU power as well as RAM. Now think of the plebs in third world countries.

No-Brilliant5348

I understand once Asics came out it all changed... Yes you can't mine on a CPU anymore but you can buy an ASIC.... I got in so early it was easier for me to mine and the moment I could get an ASIC I got one. Bitcoins distribution was really fair, it's a shame so few of us believed in it. I had to survive thousands of people telling me I'm stupid and Bitcoin is dead and then on the bullmarkets suddenly everyone's an expert on crypto... Rinse and repeat. Bitcoin distribution was as fair as possible.... Yes only people interested in Internet money and freedom got in early. If there is a new coin I'd argue PoW would still give fairer distribution than PoS.... PoS is literally like paying interest to current holders for no real work other than holding coins.... So you have to buy them since you can't mine them.... PoW you can work for em.

CointestMod

#Dogecoin Con-Arguments Below is a Dogecoin con-argument written by Chysce. > Dogecoin was [launched in 2013](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogecoin#:~:text=In%20addition%2C%20they%20wanted%20to,making%20the%20idea%20a%20reality) as a satirical response to the hype surrounding crypto. In 2015, its creators stepped away from the project. The aim of its creators was to develop a coin that would not be taken seriously by investors, however despite their intentions, Dogecoin still attracted a significant number of speculators. In fact, it became the world's largest memecoin during the first half of 2021, with its value rocketing over 15,000%. > > Like Bitcoin Dogecoin uses the proof-of-work to validate transactions. Doge is merge mined at the same time with litecoin. There are [speculations](https://cointelegraph.com/news/rumor-has-it-that-dogecoin-could-shift-to-proof-of-stake-what-does-that-mean-for-miners) that Doge will switch to Proof of Stake soon but there is no definitive news on this as of yet. > > **>> Doge has no intrinsic value** > > In the very essence Doge has no value. Apart from [sporadic use](https://coingate.com/blog/post/doge-support-much-wow) for online tipping or as a means of payment for some businesses, it does not have a unique use case or solve any real-world problems. Its value is solely based on its popularity. While this can produce exciting short-term gains it is not a viable strategy for long-term investing. > > **>> High Volatility** > > The price of Doge is highly volatile, making it a risky investment. It's price is mostly driven by the Elon Musk's tweets and memes. Nowadays there are even bots that market buy Doge whenever Elon tweets something about it. These pumps are short lived and can cause a big spike in liquidations for unprepared investors. Elon Musk also appears to have distanced himself from Dogecoin in recent times. He did not include Dogecoin as a payment option for Twitter, and he also [tweeted](https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1631720134636367872?lang=en) that he is more interested in AI than crypto as of late. > > **>> Unlimited supply** > > Unlike Bitcoin, Dogecoin has no hard cap [no hard cap](https://www.sofi.com/learn/content/will-dogecoin-ever-be-capped/) on the total supply, which means it could potentially be inflated indefinitely. It's current supply increase is [\~4% per year](https://www.analyticsinsight.net/heres-what-you-need-to-know-about-dogecoin-inflation/#:~:text=For%20anyone%20buying%20Dogecoin%20to,4%25%20in%20price%20each%20year). > > \>> **Lack of Development and future narratives** > > Dogecoin has a relatively small development team, and the project has not seen significant updates or improvements in recent years. Additionally very few people run full nodes. Finally there is no clear long-term narrative that could cause its wide adoption > > \>> **Security** > > Dogecoin's mining algorithm is less secure than others, making it more susceptible to 51% attacks. Doge uses a different mining algorithm than Bitcoin, called [Scrypt](https://learn.bybit.com/altcoins/how-to-mine-dogecoin/), which is generally considered less secure than Bitcoin's SHA-256 algorithm. [Scrypt was designed to be more memory-intensive](https://cryptobook.nakov.com/mac-and-key-derivation/scrypt), making it harder for ASIC miners to dominate the network and creating a more level playing field for CPU and GPU miners. However, this also makes it easier for attackers to launch 51% attacks. > > On top of that Doge has a much smaller mining community and less overall network hash rate than Bitcoin. This means that it could be more vulnerable to attacks from miners who control a large portion of the network's hashrate. > > And finally Doge's unlimited supply means that there is less of an incentive for miners to secure the network. ***** Would you like to learn more? Check out the [Cointest archive](/r/CointestOfficial/wiki/cointest_archive#wiki_Dogecoin) to find submissions for other topics.

FehdmanKhassad

out of interest can you still just d/l core and solo mine with a CPU?

deefjuh

I know, but that’s my point: I solved some blocks too. I just used the original bitcoin core “wallet with an option to just CPU mine”. There was no real mining pool until late 2010 when Slush started, which essentially means that everyone before those pools gained traction were playing solo mining lottery! Surely must be more than 282 :).

deefjuh

I don’t buy it that this is only the 282nd occurrence to solo mine. I CPU-mined several blocks in 2010 and I’m pretty sure I wasn’t the only one doing it at the time.

deefjuh

I don’t buy it that this is only the 282nd occurrence to solo mine. I CPU-mined several blocks in 2010 and I’m pretty sure I wasn’t the only one doing it.

repomies69

The first GPU miner was made in 2010 I think, I don't think it was about the hardware, but just about having the software. But with even CPU it was possible to mine a bit.

CointestMod

#Dogecoin Con-Arguments Below is a Dogecoin con-argument written by Chysce. > Dogecoin was [launched in 2013](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogecoin#:~:text=In%20addition%2C%20they%20wanted%20to,making%20the%20idea%20a%20reality) as a satirical response to the hype surrounding crypto. In 2015, its creators stepped away from the project. The aim of its creators was to develop a coin that would not be taken seriously by investors, however despite their intentions, Dogecoin still attracted a significant number of speculators. In fact, it became the world's largest memecoin during the first half of 2021, with its value rocketing over 15,000%. > > Like Bitcoin Dogecoin uses the proof-of-work to validate transactions. Doge is merge mined at the same time with litecoin. There are [speculations](https://cointelegraph.com/news/rumor-has-it-that-dogecoin-could-shift-to-proof-of-stake-what-does-that-mean-for-miners) that Doge will switch to Proof of Stake soon but there is no definitive news on this as of yet. > > **>> Doge has no intrinsic value** > > In the very essence Doge has no value. Apart from [sporadic use](https://coingate.com/blog/post/doge-support-much-wow) for online tipping or as a means of payment for some businesses, it does not have a unique use case or solve any real-world problems. Its value is solely based on its popularity. While this can produce exciting short-term gains it is not a viable strategy for long-term investing. > > **>> High Volatility** > > The price of Doge is highly volatile, making it a risky investment. It's price is mostly driven by the Elon Musk's tweets and memes. Nowadays there are even bots that market buy Doge whenever Elon tweets something about it. These pumps are short lived and can cause a big spike in liquidations for unprepared investors. Elon Musk also appears to have distanced himself from Dogecoin in recent times. He did not include Dogecoin as a payment option for Twitter, and he also [tweeted](https://twitter.com/elonmusk/status/1631720134636367872?lang=en) that he is more interested in AI than crypto as of late. > > **>> Unlimited supply** > > Unlike Bitcoin, Dogecoin has no hard cap [no hard cap](https://www.sofi.com/learn/content/will-dogecoin-ever-be-capped/) on the total supply, which means it could potentially be inflated indefinitely. It's current supply increase is [\~4% per year](https://www.analyticsinsight.net/heres-what-you-need-to-know-about-dogecoin-inflation/#:~:text=For%20anyone%20buying%20Dogecoin%20to,4%25%20in%20price%20each%20year). > > \>> **Lack of Development and future narratives** > > Dogecoin has a relatively small development team, and the project has not seen significant updates or improvements in recent years. Additionally very few people run full nodes. Finally there is no clear long-term narrative that could cause its wide adoption > > \>> **Security** > > Dogecoin's mining algorithm is less secure than others, making it more susceptible to 51% attacks. Doge uses a different mining algorithm than Bitcoin, called [Scrypt](https://learn.bybit.com/altcoins/how-to-mine-dogecoin/), which is generally considered less secure than Bitcoin's SHA-256 algorithm. [Scrypt was designed to be more memory-intensive](https://cryptobook.nakov.com/mac-and-key-derivation/scrypt), making it harder for ASIC miners to dominate the network and creating a more level playing field for CPU and GPU miners. However, this also makes it easier for attackers to launch 51% attacks. > > On top of that Doge has a much smaller mining community and less overall network hash rate than Bitcoin. This means that it could be more vulnerable to attacks from miners who control a large portion of the network's hashrate. > > And finally Doge's unlimited supply means that there is less of an incentive for miners to secure the network. ***** Would you like to learn more? Check out the [Cointest archive](/r/CointestOfficial/wiki/cointest_archive#wiki_Dogecoin) to find submissions for other topics.

SmartestScammer

Monero is probably the most decentralized PoW. 1 CPU = 1 Share, and since all the people using malware to mine crypto on hacked PCs choose Monero mining theres devices all over the world participating in mining 😅 Jokes aside, I wish more PoW coins used Monero's algorithm. Its nice being an average joe and knowing your participation in the network actually means something. Yeah you're technically making BTC more secure by running a mining node on a home PC, but let's be real, your computer isn't doing shit compared to the ASIC mining farms who dominate.

No-City94

1. Pi took less electric power . we have to let the node run non stop. Running a node doesn't need much CPU power. So Pi is a good choice. (I don't know about Long term, some say it won't last) 2. Full Bitcoin core size is about 4-500 Gb. So at least you should have 1 Tb storage. And if you think about long term, 2 Tb is better.

bieker

The transaction details in the block you are mining are relevant. So every time someone else mines a block you have to start over, also the nonce is only 4 bytes, so you can only do 3.8B hashes on it before you need to change something else in it. Assembling a block to mine is pretty easy, you run a node and it has an RPC function that will give you a block template containing current transactions from the mempool, then you just have to add the coinbase transaction with the address of where you want the reward to go. I recently did this for fun, built a linux box, installed bitcoin core, ckpool and some CPU mining software, it was not hard. it gets about 125Mhash/sec and will be unlikely to mine a block before the heat death of the universe, but if it does, it will all be mine!

SteveW928

Yes, that is pretty close. In fact each hash each chip does within an ASIC unit (usually 100s of chips) have such a chance. Hashrate is analogous to how many 'tickets' you have. Each hash would generate a 'difficulty' which even if very high, won't win if it isn't over the threshold. But, but the more hashes, the more chances you have of generating one that crosses that threshold. This is, of course, if you are solo-mining. If you are pool-mining, then it is still the same thing, except that having all the tickets, from all these chips and miners, makes it more likely one of the units in the pool finds a block. The 'gotcha' here, is that most pools have too high of minimum difficulty, that a PC won't generate enough of them to register as a 'worker' to the pool. That means you won't get anything, even though you're contributing, which would be the whole point of joining a shared pool. But, if you can make the code run on your PC, CPU or GPU, it will be mining Bitcoin. It might just take you - not hundreds, but hundreds of thousands - of years. The difference between CPU, GPU, and an ASIC is hard to grasp.

daemonpenguin

Running a console only (SSH) will use less memory and CPU than a GUI. And on a small machine like a Pi, every little bit counts.

Corbimos

Nope. Any new coin that shows any form of value will immediately be taken over by the existing mining industry and corporations, completely missing the grass roots distribution you need for a decentralized currency. That type of distribution is only possible once. And bitcoin was the reason for the invention of ASIC miners. That happened after there was sufficient CPU and GPU mining. You can't compare that environment to today's, they are completely different.

Teraverse

In a sense, they are the same thing. If you have a business. That business will need your energy firstly your physical energy and secondly it will have a cost. Expenses, that you would need to cover. Until those expenses and that physical energy presence give you a yield. That means you need money to make money. So if I cannot cover my expenses, my business goes bankrupt. Cause it lacks the economical energy, likewise if I give the economical energy but I have no workers, meaning physical energy to actually do the hard work. The business goes bankrupt. So in a sense, you have to provide physical and economical energy to the instrument, for it to accumulate and sustain a healthy and secure growth Environment/Network The physical energy was already placed into the bitcoin code, that took physical energy to actually code it for some time. The economical energy was given by the miners with their CPU, and then the cpu energy was depleted, the network needed more energy, the miner upgraded to GPU mining, until that energy also wasn’t enough to sustain the network, the miners upgraded their mining equipment to ASICS and here we are. ASICS are upgraded each year cause the network requires more hash power.

FamousM1

The digital gold narrative is that Bitcoin is not meant to be spent and that it's supposed to increase in price and be expensive to move and slow to use, that quote has nothing to do with the usability of Bitcoin or the digital gold narrative. It's an analogy to how new coins are created. This is the only mention of gold in the whitepaper. > 6. Incentive: > By convention, the first transaction in a block is a special transaction that starts a new coin owned by the creator of the block. This adds an incentive for nodes to support the network, and provides a way to initially distribute coins into circulation, since there is no central authority to issue them. The steady addition of a constant of amount of new coins is analogous to gold miners expending resources to add gold to circulation. In our case, it is CPU time and electricity that is expended. Bitcoin was made to be a fast, secure, decentralized, peer-to-peer digital currency with low fees. Don't believe me? Check out Bitcoin.org and it's archived pages from 2009 til present. It even still says for the "What is Bitcoin" section that: > Bitcoin is a consensus network that enables a new payment system and a completely digital money. It is the first decentralized peer-to-peer payment network that is powered by its users with no central authority or middlemen. From a user perspective, *Bitcoin is pretty much like cash for the Internet.*

CointestMod

#TRON Pro-Arguments Below is a TRON pro-argument written by a deleted user. > ##**PROs** > > **Disclaimer**: There is little reliable information about Tron that isn't from Tron DAO or Justin Sun interviews. The official [Tron DAO Medium](https://trondao.medium.com/) site doesn't provide links to sources in the blog, making it harder to fact check and analyze. Many of its sources are from Weibo posts that are inaccessible beyond the Great Firewall of China. Tron's documentation and community posts provide way less information than that of other major blockchain projects. Nevertheless, I'm make do with what I can get. > > ####**Performance and Consensus** > > **High throughput and fast finality** > > Blocks are produced every 3s with a max size of 2M bytes. Consensus is completed using DPoS with a fault tolerance of 70% (9/27) Super Respresentatives that act as validators. There are over 350 SR/validator candidates who vote on the 27 SRs each 6 hours. > > - **High Throughtput**: **Tron can reach a max throughput of 2600 TPS with full 2M blocks** and its current balance of actual transactions, which is really high for an EVM-compatible blockchain. > - My calculations used [Tronscan data](https://tronscan.org/#/blockchain/blocks): Basic TRX and token transfers use 250-500 Bandwidth. The current average bandwidth for each transaction is currently 298, which is not that much higher than the lower end for basic transactions. > - Each bandwidth is 0.850 bytes, so you can fit 7800 average transactions in a single 3s block. Tron officially claims that it can reach 2000 TPS, so they're giving a conservative estimate. > - Even filled with 350-550 bandwidth swaps for [SunswapV2Router02](https://tronscan.org/#/contract/TKzxdSv2FZKQrEqkKVgp5DcwEXBEKMg2Ax/transactions), that's 1400 TPS on the lower end. That's way faster swaps than [everything other than Algorand](https://medium.com/dragonfly-research/the-amm-test-a-no-bs-look-at-l1-performance-4c8c2129d581). > - The tradeoff is that consensus is highly centralized (only 27 validators), and that the validators have very high requirements like having 32 CPU cores and 64GB of memory. > - In comparison, Ethereum's Layer 1 in comparison, can only do ~15 TPS average (59 TPS for basic transfers, 7 TPS for Uniswap v3 swaps). > - **Fast Finality in 3s**: All 27 SRs are currently playing friendly with each other, so for all practical purposes, finality is in 3 seconds. (Deterministic finality occurs every 27 blocks, or 81 seconds). > > **Network Energy usage** > > Tron's estimated annual energy usage for 2022 is estimated to be 1.7 kWh, or the **energy usage of [15 average US households](https://decrypt.co/108115/tron-network-energy-use-matches-that-of-15-us-households-ccri-report)**. This puts it slightly lower than the consumption of Avalanche, Algorand, Cardano, and Solana's networks. Its carbon footprint is also 4x lower than the others. And it uses 100000x less energy than Bitcoin. > > ####**Ease of Basic Utility** > > **Transaction fees are covered for FREE by freezing TRX** > > Tron has a unique design for transaction fees instead of using gas. Transactions fees are divided into bandwidth (pays for data bytes) and energy (pays for computations). All transactions require bandwidth while only contracts need energy. > > The benefit is that you get **FREE bandwidth and energy by freezing TRX**, a process similar to staking. You currently receive about 28 energy and 1 bandwidth daily [per frozen TRX](https://tronstation.io/calculator). Basic smart contracts use 350 Bandwidth (requires freezing 330 TRX) and 14.7K energy (requires staking 520 TRX). At current TRX prices, **if you freeze $2500 worth of TRX, you could perform 100 free basic transactions daily**. In addition, each account receives [1.5 kb of bandwidth daily](https://developers.tron.network/docs/resource-model) (originally 5 kb) for free even without freezing TRX, which is good for ~5 transactions. Though I suspect users can abuse this by creating new accounts. > > Any transaction fees in excess of the free energy and bandwidth are burned. This is why TRX is **currently deflationary by ~0.3% annually** (excluding burns for the USDD minting process). > > **Settlement layer for Tether** > > According to Blockchain's [Sep 2022 interview with Justin Sun](https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/exploring-tron-with-justin-sun-and-blockchain-com/id1536699961), **the original purpose of Tron was to act as a stablecoin settlement network and reserve network for Tether** (USDT). Sure enough, the bulk of DeFi on Tron's network deal with stablecoins. As of Sep 2022, [45% of Tether is now held on Tron](https://defillama.com/stablecoin/tether). And with Ethereum transaction fees being so high, Tron has become an attractive platform for USDT dApps. > > ####**DeFi Usages** > > **Smart Contracts** > > Tron's VM (TVM) is EVM-compatible and uses Solidity for the smart contract language. It is also Turing-complete. Thus, it's simple to rewrite EVM contracts for TVM. > > - **Tron's [DeFi TVL is massive at $5.4B](https://defillama.com/chains), putting at 3rd place after Binance Smart Chain**. > - Though it is a bit suspicious though that 99% of Tron's DeFi TVL are on 3 projects that are literally named after Justin Sun, though that could just be because it's very new. In comparison, Ethereum's DeFi is spread over hundreds of dApps. > - Tron SUN's [Liquidity Pool](https://sun.io/#/home) provides very high interest for USDD-USDT pairs at 5-70% APY. Back in June-July, you could gain triple-digit APY on Tron DeFi with stablecoins while the governance rewards boosts were still active. > > ####**Sustainable Tokenomics for TRX** > > - TRX's tokenomics have a steady, permanent issuance for validators, so it's **sustainable**. All transaction fees are burned. This isn't too different than Ethereum's tokenomics model (other than that Ethereum only burns part of the fee). > - TRX has a total circulating supply of about 92B, which is noticeably lower than their highest supply of 102B before the TRX-to-USDD minting protocol. TRX suddenly became [deflationary on Oct 27, 2021](https://tronscan.org/#/data/stats2/circulation). Supply has fallen about 10% since then due to token burns, making **TRX one of the most deflationary cryptocurrency in the top 30**. > - If we ignore the token burns from USDD minting, each day, ~5M TRX is minted, ~6M is burned (from transaction fees). **This gives net issuance of 1M TRX burned daily, or 0.3% annual deflation.** > > **Good TRX price action during the bear market** > > Tron's native token, TRX, is currently #15 in marketcap as of Sept 2022 with a [marketcap of $6B](https://www.coingecko.com/en/coins/tron). Its value has held up surprisingly well during the bear market, barely falling 50% while the rest of cryptocurrencies fell closer to 70-90%. **TRX is up 2x vs Bitcoin over the past year** during the bear market, pumping especially hard right around the launch of USDD and introduction of major staking and governance boost projects. > > ####**USDD, a hybrid stablecoin without UST's flaws?** > > **USDD is a hybrid collateralized/algorithmic (seigniorage) stablecoin** launched in May 2022 on Tron's network. It is one of the biggest focuses on the Tron roadmap. It was originally designed as a purely-algorithmic stablecoin based on Terra's now-failed Luna and UST stablecoin. After the collapse of Luna UST, the Tron DAO Reserve (TDR) made several changes to USDD to avoid a similar failure: > > **Differences between UST and USDD** > > 1. The biggest difference is that USDD is 300% collateralized with 11B TRX, 14K BTC, 100M USDT, and 1M USDC [Source](https://usdd.io/). **This makes USDD one of the most collateralized stablecoins.** In comparison, DAI is only 120% collateralized, and USDT and USDC are only 100% collateralized. > 1. TDR controls how much USDD can be minted or redeemed, so it's not purely algorithmic. Thus, TDR has full power to stop it from crashing. > 1. USDD will be released in multiple phases. The current phase only allows for a minting of 2B USDD. This is to limit USDD from growing astronomically quickly like with UST. [[Source](https://trondao.medium.com/improving-usdd-from-lessons-learned-e2600d7f94ad)] > 1. You're probably wondering what's the catch. There is a Peg Stability Module (PSM) that allows minting of USDD by burning TRX. You can current burn TRX for minting USDD, but **you cannot redeem USDD for TRX** [[source](https://twitter.com/TheImmutable/status/1536930692344401921)]. There is no liquidity on any of the [PSM smart contracts](https://docs.usdd.io/psm/the-psm#psm-contracts) to trade USDD for anything else. ***** Would you like to learn more? Check out the [Cointest archive](/r/CointestOfficial/wiki/cointest_archive#wiki_tron) to find submissions for other topics.

hero2288

Mining difficulty is actually scalable both up and down, and is actually done automatically. We could go back to CPU mining if really needed. Even one computer could keep the network running if needed. Can they shut down every computer on the planet?

analogOnly

He said, Whatsminer m21s. That's ASIC, not CPU mining.

Abundance144

Gold is present in every CPU. Sure it isn't the primary material, and the manufacturer minimizes the use of gold because, duh, it's expensive. However there is no other element that has the conductive and anti-corrosive properties that are needed in electronics. Show me any CPU, and I'll send you a picture of the pins underneath that are gold plated.

Dry-Preference-8733

What CPU’s don’t have gold in them? I wasn’t aware of that. All of nvidias, intel, amd, Samsung, and apple chips use gold. Who has made cpus w/out gold.

AutoX-R

Gold is not present in every CPU. While gold is used in some electronic components, such as certain connectors and bonding wires, it is not a primary material used in the manufacturing of CPU chips. CPUs primarily consist of materials like silicon, metal alloys, and various other semiconductor materials. Gold is more commonly found in older electronic devices or high-end components where its conductivity and corrosion resistance are valuable, but it's not universally present in all CPUs.

information-zone

You’ll be fine with either. Both are far faster than Raspberry Pi 4, which is what a lot of people use. Bitcoin Core (the main node software) is mostly network & disk bound, so a faster CPU doesn’t help. The speed of your disk (SSD) and your network will determine how quickly it syncs up, and with 10-minute blocks almost any CPU will be able to keep up.

Potential-Candle-961

I increased the max connections from 4 to 15 previously and that didn't really seem to help the issue. I also checked my CPU usage and throughout the entire duration of the Bitcoin Core program running it seems to only use about 20%. I'm not sure if that's a direct translation to my CPU not being bottlenecked but it doesn't seem like a problem. The only reason why I'm concerned is because I know other people who have ran the program in the last couple of days and they were able to download it with relatively little difficulty but it seems for me in the past 20-24 hours the progress has been painstakingly slow. If the resolution is that's how it's supposed to be then so be it, but I'm worried that there may be other things that I could fix to remediate the issue. Thanks!

Particular_Hawk_6660

You can only download what people are uploading to you. If it appears to slow down you may not have optimal power connections. Usually the bottlekneck is in your CPU verifying the blocks as they come in but in your case it could be the bandwidth of your connection and or the amount of peers you have. How many connections do you have? Go to connections window in the settings.

ensignlee

There was a random ad about running some program on your computer and they'd pay you in USD. Seemed like a scam, so I did some research and people were like "lol, this is just a shell for polcbm, a way to mine bitcoin with your CPU and GPU. You may as well just mine the btc yourself and convert to USD and cut out the middleman" So that's what I did. And that's how I got onto bitcointalk, and well, one thing led to another...

chloe_priceless

i would think more like 99% who where early didnt realize the potential of that and doesnt bother on the "money" kind of stuff. And at the beginning in 2009 there where only this network effect stuff and mostly nobody cared. CPU Mining was easy with a Laptop or PC but it wasnt usable during mining times. And you have to be on the right mindset to get a climps of that so early. I was 17 when i discoverd BTC (2009 - IT Nerd and had some IT Mailing lists) and until 25 i didnt bother to save money i lived from paycheck to paycheck. So thinking about Bitcoin or so didnt make much sense back in the days. There where more brain cells attached to buy makeup or cloth or drinking with friends and start your live after school and do your first Job and Training.

Whydidyoudothattwice

Satoshi approached us on EVGA forums, and asked for people experienced in software development and testing. Want to see if we were interested in helping test the mining software, and we had to have a modern CPU and GPU in the GTX 200 series, and some Cuda experience.  I had all of the requirements for it. Ended up becoming a Bitcoin founder, and ICO’d it.

castorfromtheva

Umbrel is good. It's easy to run and runs really stable! I compared it to a lot of other implementations and so far Umbrel works best compared to others! I recommend running it on a real x86 pc rather than on pi. Much more power while still being very energy efficient! Look for things like (used!) Lenovo Tiny mini pc with at least a generate 6 CPU (i3 6100t or above) and 8 gigs of RAM. On top get a 2Tbyte SSD and you're good to go for the next 5 years. Won't cost you more than approx. 200 bucks plus around 1 to 3 bucks per month for energy (in case you run it 24/7/365 as usually recommended, because quick availability).

seed-cat

The easiest would be just to use the XPUB if you have it (no derivation paths makes things faster). Otherwise, just try say the first 100 derivation paths once you have the XPRIV / XPUB. You should be able to reuse this for the derivation paths so you avoid the expensive 2048 iterations of SHA512 for each derivation path. The bitcoin Rust libraries support this. I wrote a tool that supports this with pure GPU acceleration, but if you are dealing with 49M that should be easy on a modern CPU. [https://github.com/seed-cat/seedcat](https://github.com/seed-cat/seedcat) In my case I needed to try \~100B combinations so GPU acceleration was necessary.

bigbarryb

You overestimate the power of miners. The whitepaper says "As long as a majority of CPU power is controlled by nodes that are not cooperating to attack the network, they’ll generate the longest chain and outpace attackers." It doesn't say "Bitcoin is defined as the one with the longest chain". In such an OBVIOUS situation, we the users will communicate, patch the issue and run on the chain that is obviously the original one. Eventually, miners will address the issue and join the users and we can start to rely on the longest chain once again. The longest chain metric allows us to have a level of automation, but it isn't the final decision maker... we, the humans are... as long as we can agree on something, and nothing is easier to agree on than a common enemy. Also, when a reorg happens, what do you think happens to the unconfirmed transactions? They just go back to the mempool to get mined again.

ares_god_not_sign

That is a hairsbreadth away from my target compared to when I started mining BTC on my CPU over a decade ago.

bleakj

I know I can mind Monero using XMR-Rig, but isn't this just CPU mining? Or is there actual node running that Im not familiar with that that functions different?