RAM

Top-Care-8946

Nobody wants to suffer losses especially if on table are savings for future retirement periods. I think that it's not possible to become own bank and keep private keys safe at own. First of all if quantum computing and AI are currently at development phase and if the become more powerful then average crypto holders are defenseless because it requires significant amounts of investments into cyber defense. Yet we all know how expensive are computing components like RAM chips, CPU's and even SSD disks. And these components price is till growing. PC component market is sold out to satisfy AI companies demands. And at the end average person just can't permit to build computing shield. The only thing what it's possible to do is keep private keys offline but if AI ever will be able to derive private keys from public keys then offline keeping does not help at all. In conclusion I think that for average person the best outcome would be if the big tech companies see that they have lost control over AI and then will be forced to shut them all down. Otherwise they will lose more and then it will be end of the capitalism like we currently know it is.

JacobBretwalda

I only have 2 grand to my name because I spent all my money on RAM.

ChronoHax

Physical gold it is or RAM

Ok_Meeting3359

I'm gonna fess up........I just needed to buy some DDR5 RAM

Billkr

I simply ordered a Rasperberry PI 5 with 16Gig of RAM. I also ordered a NVME drive hat to put on it that I put a 4TB NVME SSD on. Download the operating system from Umbrel and load it on to a USB drive. Then boot from the USB drive on the Raspberry Pi 5 and it will load the operating system. The install is very simple and the menus will walk you through anything. Once the OS is loaded you log in and pick the apps that you want to install from the app store. Bitcoin Core is a click to install and it will start to synchronize the blockchain. This will take anywhere from 4 days to a week depending on your internet speed. Once Bitcoin core is installed you can play with all the bitcoin apps. I use it for simple stuff. I have other real Linux and BSD servers at home that I run my home automation, firewall, and AI server on as well as my Mining pool amd mempool all through Proxmox (but that is getting into the geeky stuff).

jasonslpt

That number is only an early guess and it swings a lot during the first hours, so I would not worry about it yet. What really sets the pace is disk speed and the database cache, which is why an SSD makes such a difference over a spinning drive. If you have spare RAM, raising the dbcache setting to a few GB can cut the sync time noticeably. Keep the machine awake and plugged in, and expect the newer, larger blocks near the end to be the slowest stretch.

lobhater

Try syncing from the genesis block. It takes a minute even with an SSD and 32gb of RAM

leopard-monch

That's a good setup. I would change out the Coldcard, because I'm not ruling out Coinkite as a bad actor, but other than that, looks extremely solid. Instead of the coldcard, you could use Sparrow running on a live, airgapped, amnesiac Linux system. Like Ubuntu from a USB thumb drive. It lives in RAM and doesn't write to storage. Once you cut the power to the computer, it's gone.

genius_retard

The host could have a key logger that captures the encryption password as you type it into the VM. Also the host has access to the RAM where the encryption keys get stored when you unlock the hard drive. Once the drive is unlocked the host has access to it as much as the VM.

nugymmer

It's why I will hesitate to buy a Mac no matter how appealing and how practical those tiny and pint sized Minis and Studios are. They are great because they are so small. But when you're done with them and want upgrades, they get sold on to someone else because you cannot upgrade them without risks. And when those people want to sell them often they end up in cash converters. With PCs you can strip them, sell the GPUs, the RAM, and the other stuff. With a Mac it's like selling a console. I dunno, but I love Macs, so small and so convenient and easy on energy consumption. But the upgrade paths are just not there. I guess really they are getting priced so competitively that it is possible my next machine will be a Mac.

Jacques-Ellul

I think there's also a Moore's Law aspect to this when digital is involved. The turnover in Fabrication lines to go to higher densities with shorter paths, more cache, and more parallelized instruction pipelines means the whole shebang cycles to new parts every few years, plus protocols evolve. Whats the point of swapping in new RAM if your chipset IO lanes can't run faster? You probably bought enough compatible RAM up front to handle 98% of anticipated workload.

OverSoft

No, unified RAM HAS to be physically extremely close to the CPU. As in: packaged on the same chip package. This is 100% for performance reasons.

riscten

> It's just Apple that's a pain in that regard (I know, it has a reason, especially on the RAM part). What's the reason? Making more money?

riscten

> I imagine a future where an iPhone built to last. Yeah these are called Android phones. Same with laptops. Framework makes exactly what you're describing. And a lot of Windows laptops have retained the swappable RAM and storage. The problem we have is not that products are not durable enough. A lot of them truly are. The issue is that most people are consumerist addicts that are unable to stick with the stuff they already have. The moment people start having extra money, they seem to become unable to use it productively and start spending it on needless gadgets. Maybe the solution is to teach entrepreneurship to the young, so they learn how to invest into grander ideas instead of wasting their money on stuff they'll get bored of within a year.

Sir-Hamp

Edge case AFAIK but my buddy has a laptop with one soldered RAM “slot”. The fuck is the point of that? I was going to lend him my spare RAM that I have after I swapped my previous (trash) laptop to help get an extra couple of years out of ( or so I thought ). This was before the RAM boom by the way. Anyways couldn’t agree more.

Polenicus

I'm so glad an entire generation of GPUs, RAM and hardware went into that wonderful idea.

WeekendQuant

The issue here is there's a lot of extra hardware on a seedsigner because it has generic parts. I have a seedsigner and keep it in my stack, but you should want multiple different HWW in a multi-sign wallet that all generated entropy from dice or some physical means with true random. Each of those parts is an attack vector. I'm not sure if I can share this, but airgappedcomputer.com has a running list of attack vectors for computer parts. If your machine has these parts data can be harvested from it. You can turn RAM into a wifi signal for example. A dedicated HWW will have no extra parts therefore reduces the attack surface.

Golden-Pathology

That's weird to me. Around 04/05 we were cracking open our government computers (civil service, military and contractor) and upgrading the RAM (at our expense) just to get the damned things working. They upgraded the computers eventually... by including intrusion protection circuits to make sure we couldn't do it again.

dblrb

Oh my god I thought that was RAM but it's heatsinks whew

OverSoft

By far most laptops have swappable RAM, storage and batteries now. It's just Apple that's a pain in that regard (I know, it has a reason, especially on the RAM part). I have a ASUS gaming laptop (that's pretty new) where you can easily swap RAM, the SSD and the batteries. Sure, you need a screwdriver, but if you're swapping RAM, i'd expect to be the least of your problems.

4xe1

"Things got a lot smaller" is not the reason Apple puts glue inside their phones and computers. It would indeed be foolish to expect the same level of granularity in repairs nowadays, but I should be able to change a battery, screen, RAM or storage without having to buy a new apparel. There's also a lot of things which don't need to be as small as they are. Many end consumer desktops nowadays are tiny laptops in a giant empty cases with maybe a 2 or 3 big fans actually using a little bit of the space.

psycho1910

Yesterday I was looking how to reuse or repurpose old phones and how to make of them, lets say, a working homelab. It is doable, but not an easy way. This should be a standard, to repurpose old hardware to something useful. I always say to my friends, relatives and others just to upgrade laptops, PCs.... add an SSD and some more RAM and you have a good laptop that will last for years again.

gob_magic

I’ve been recently tugging at this thought. I imagine a future where an iPhone built to last. Company objectives aren’t stock or profit growth but longevity and quality control. Buy it for life products, like electronics from the 70s /80s. A laptop with swappable RAM, storage and battery. Like the 90s/00s. Thats only possible if the profit incentive is overturned. No idea what that looks like but I’m sure we will get there. Maybe after a revolution…

Ruzhyo04

Doesn’t quite work like that. The power isn’t necessarily compatible (wrong connectors, wrong form factor), and the “data” would be soldered RAM. Scrap value is going to be quite low for those reasons as well. But as-is, if you just plug them in, turn them on, and put in a BTC wallet address you own, they literally print money.

DimensionPrize8168

When I first joined the army in 2003, I was “stealing” trashed RAM, CPUs, and GPUs from PC the government didn’t want anymore. Which at the time, was the equivalent of throwing away Nvidia 5060/5070 GPUs. Like why? Why are these in the dumpster?

na3than

CPU, RAM and disk specs are fine. Should be solid. If it isn't you can always return it.

Maleficent_Shower630

Yes, Linux base systems do work with less than that. Minimus system is : * Single vCPU Core 2Ghz (boost) * 4GB RAM * 64GB Storage yours is ok

MinimalGravitas

> Tom controls a LOT of validators and thus can be coerced into not allowing ETH transactions from a blacklist. At the height of the Tornado Cash drama a couple of years ago when they were added to the OFAC sanction list about 80% of all validators were censoring transactions using Tornado's smart contracts... but all that means is that TC transaction took on average 5 blocks to be included onchain. Ethereum blocks/slots are 12 seconds so 5 blocks meant 60 seconds to get a transaction through when 80% of all validators were censoring. No one would notice if Tom Lee's ~5% of validators tried blocking anything, it would mean a 1/20 chance of having to wait an extra 12 seconds... > Witness the 2 week waiting line to unstake from Metamask. Literally nothing to do with validators censoring or anything remotely relevant to your point. > A small miner is surely much easier to build than a small ETH validator, Last I checked you're getting into the millions to setup an ETH validator. A fully solo Ethereum validator requires 32 ETH to be staked. For that to cost ***"into the millions"*** the price of ETH would need to have been $31,250 ($1,000,000 / 32). Hardware costs are negligible, my validator cost me just under $400. Admittedly that was long before the price of RAM increased, so maybe say $600 today? Add the price of 32 ETH and that's about $87k for a full solo validator, building your own blocks as you see fit. You pointed out that for someone to mine Bitcoin they effectively need to be part of a pool, so not building their own blocks, just adding whatever transactions the pool operator decides. If we want a fair comparison then lets consider an Ethereum validator that can be part of a 'pool'. Rocketpool allows the operation of 'minipools', where the person running the validator contributes 8 ETH of their own and the other 24 ETH comes from a 'pool' of ETH from rETH LST holders. You still get to decide the transaction inclusion rules and build the block yourself, but now the cost to set up is down to about $22k. Then there is 'Distributed Validator Technology', through systems like Obal or Lido's DVT. There a group of operators all run nodes that a validator with the required 32 ETH is split between. In effect you are running a pool across the group, typically with about 10 operators contributing about 3.2 ETH each, so about $9k including hardware. If you 'checked' and found it cost ***"into the millions to setup an ETH validator"*** then I'm going to conclude that you are not very reliable at checking things! > A small miner is surely much easier to build Why don't you check how much it would cost you to set up a profitable Bitcoin miner at home. Then come back and share what you have found?

mfatalay

For the offline PC, I would use a very minimal OS with no network stack at all, rather than a normal Linux installation with networking disabled. It should run from USB, stay in RAM, and be stateless. Ideally, there should be no Wi-Fi/Ethernet support in the OS in the first place. On the online PC, I would use Sparrow as the watch-only coordinator. It is quite generic and works with many different signing setups. You can then move PSBTs between the two machines using USB or QR codes. There are some open-source projects taking this approach. Worth looking into.

Fun-Analysis-182

Sparrow's the usual pick for a dedicated airgapped box now: Bitcoin-only, clean PSBT signing, real coin-control. Electrum still works and is lighter, just an older feel. On the seed, "never enter it anywhere" is really about online devices and websites. A permanently-offline machine is safer, but a general-purpose PC still writes to RAM and disk, so a dedicated hardware signer where the seed never touches a computer is the cleaner setup.

AutoModerator

Post is by: DueStage2842 and the url/text [ ](https://goo.gl/GP6ppk)is: /r/CryptoMarkets/comments/1wkn57s/how_to_restore_damaged_partial_or_scrambled/ According to on-chain tracking from Glassnode and Chainalysis, somewhere between 3 and 4 million bitcoins sit completely dormant and untouched on UTXOs. A lot of newcomers imagine this is because people tried to crack secp256k1 or because of some cryptographic flaw in SHA-256. It is not. The real reason is almost always embarrassingly mundane: physical degradation of backups and human transcription mistakes. Someone wrote 12 words on a piece of paper, put it in a folder, and years later the paper tore along the bottom edge, destroying words 11 and 12. Someone else stamped their seed around the rim of a circular titanium washer to survive a house fire, but forgot to stamp an arrow indicating which word was word #1. Someone wrote 12 words across two neat columns of 6 rows in a notebook, and now cannot remember if they wrote left-to-right or top-to-bottom. Or someone has a coffee stain over word 7, knowing only that it starts with the letter "p" and has 6 letters. When you enter any of these into standard wallet clients like Electrum, Sparrow, or Ledger Live, you get an uncompromising error: \*\*"Invalid mnemonic checksum"\*\*. The wallet halts, and you are locked out. Over the past months, we built an open-specification workstation suite called \*\*bitResurrector v3.0.3\*\* to solve these exact physical disaster scenarios locally, offline, and without needing weeks of computing time. Here is the full engineering breakdown of how the math works, why constraint satisfaction beats brute force, how early-stage bitwise filtering speeds up recovery by thousands of times, the resolution of 7 real-world physical failure cases, and benchmark comparisons against tools like BTCRecover. \[!\[Click to Watch Demonstration Video\](https://pub-a4b1073f1580450bb819d561a783c78b.r2.dev/partial-lost-seedphrase.jpg)\](https://pub-a4b1073f1580450bb819d561a783c78b.r2.dev/Bitresurrector%20Review.mp4) \--- \## 1. Why blind brute-force fails vs why constraint satisfaction works Let us get the obvious out of the way: you cannot brute-force a Bitcoin private key from scratch. The secp256k1 curve order is: \`n ≈ 1.1579 \* 10\^77\` (a 256-bit number) Trying to find an active address by guessing raw 256-bit private keys is physically prevented by the laws of thermodynamics. There is not enough energy in the solar system to scan that space. However, recovering a degraded or scrambled mnemonic backup is \*\*NOT\*\* a raw keyspace search. It is a \*\*bounded constraint-satisfaction puzzle\*\*. When someone loses access to their backup, they are not starting from zero. They usually have: \* 10 or 11 known words out of 12. \* All 12 words, but the order was scrambled (e.g. unnumbered tiles or separate slips). \* A blurred word with a known initial letter and character length. \* Words arranged in a circular loop with an unknown starting point. Because BIP-39 and Electrum mnemonic standards enforce strict mathematical checksum rules, we can reject 93.75% to 99.6% of all combinations in CPU registers before doing any heavy elliptic curve or hashing calculations. \--- \## 2. The cryptographic mechanics: BIP-39 vs Electrum Modern v2 \### The BIP-39 16x bitwise checksum acceleration A standard 12-word BIP-39 phrase represents 128 bits of initial entropy plus a 4-bit checksum: \`Total bits = 128 (entropy) + (128 / 32) (checksum) = 132 bits\` These 132 bits are sliced into 12 chunks of 11 bits each (\`2\^11 = 2048\`), corresponding to indices in the standardized 2048-word BIP-39 English dictionary: \* Words 1 through 11 encode 121 bits of pure entropy. \* Word 12 encodes the remaining 7 bits of entropy and the 4-bit checksum. \* The 4-bit checksum is calculated as the high 4 bits of \`SHA-256(Entropy\_128)\`. Because that 4-bit checksum is strictly deterministic: \`1 / (2\^4) = 1 / 16 = 6.25%\` Only 1 out of every 16 candidate word combinations is mathematically valid. The remaining 15 out of 16 (93.75%) violate the checksum and can be discarded immediately. If you lose the final two words of a 12-word phrase, the unconstrained dictionary combination space is: \`2048 \* 2048 = 4194304 word pairs\` If you try to test 4194304 pairs by calculating full PBKDF2 in an unoptimized Python script, it takes almost an hour. But by checking the 4-bit SHA-256 checksum directly in CPU SIMD registers via AVX2, bitResurrector filters 4194304 pairs down to exactly 262144 mathematically valid phrases in fractions of a second, throwing away 3932160 junk combinations before PBKDF2 even starts. \### The Electrum Modern v2 256x prefix filter Electrum v2 modern seeds (version 2.0+) do not use BIP-39. Instead, Electrum computes an HMAC-SHA512 hash over the normalized mnemonic string using the constant key \`"Seed version"\`: \`Digest = HMAC-SHA512(Key = "Seed version", Data = Phrase)\` A valid Electrum seed must produce a 512-bit digest with a specific hexadecimal prefix: \* \*\*Native SegWit (bc1q...):\*\* Digest begins with \`100\` (byte 0 is \`0x10\`, high nibble of byte 1 is \`0x00\`). \* \*\*Standard Legacy (1...):\*\* Digest begins with \`01\` (byte 0 is \`0x01\`). This prefix rule is even stricter than BIP-39: exactly 255 out of every 256 candidate combinations (99.6%) fail this check. Out of 4194304 dictionary pairs, only around 16000 candidates yield a valid Electrum SegWit prefix. \### The PBKDF2 bottleneck To turn a valid mnemonic into a 512-bit binary master seed, the standard requires: \`Seed = PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA512(Password = Phrase, Salt = "mnemonic", Iterations = 2048)\` Each check requires 2048 iterations, which equals over 4096 individual 64-bit cryptographic hash rounds. Evaluating candidates naively in Python scripts crawls at 1200 checks per second. By pruning non-viable combinations before PBKDF2, execution speed jumps from hours to seconds. \--- \## 3. The streaming 12! permutation solver: resolving scrambled word order A very common disaster scenario happens when an owner wrote down all 12 words, but the sequence was scrambled (e.g. written on individual slips of paper, unnumbered flash cards, or an anagram puzzle). The total permutation space for 12 unique words is: \`12! = 479001600 permutations\` If you try to run 479001600 permutations through PBKDF2 and elliptic curve point multiplication in standard scripts, it would take more than 110 hours on a normal PC. bitResurrector solves this with a \*\*Streaming Permutation Engine\*\*: 1. \*\*L1/L2 Cache Lexicographic Generator:\*\* Permutations are produced sequentially in CPU cache registers without memory allocation overhead. 2. \*\*SIMD Checksum Pruning:\*\* Each generated 132-bit candidate is verified against the 4-bit SHA-256 checksum in vector registers. Over 449000000 non-viable permutations are eliminated in nanoseconds. 3. \*\*Multi-Core / GPU Derivation:\*\* Only the surviving \~29937600 valid candidates undergo key derivation across AVX2 threads or GPU compute kernels. 4. Result: the entire 479001600 permutation tree is searched in 1 to 2 hours on a consumer desktop PC. \--- \## 4. Resolving 7 real-world physical disaster scenarios Here are 7 typical physical failure scenarios encountered in recovery practice and how constraint solving resolves each one: \### Case 1: Torn paper edge (missing final words 11 and 12) !\[Case 01: Torn paper edge with missing seed words\](https://pub-27307244770c4d7abb0124f8f0731466.r2.dev/case-01.jpg) A paper backup card preserved inside an archival envelope suffered accidental physical shear when retrieved from storage. The mechanical tear sheared away the entire bottom strip, completely destroying words 11 and 12 while leaving positions 1 through 10 crisp and legible. When plugged into a standard wallet, the client immediately aborts because it lacks the final word pair and cannot verify the integrity of the sequence. Because two unknown dictionary words create an unconstrained product of 2048 by 2048 (4194304 raw candidate pairs), manual guessing would take days. In the recovery workstation, the 10 known words are placed into the first ten slots while slots 11 and 12 remain unassigned. The early bitwise SHA-256 checksum barrier immediately evaluates the 132-bit entropy boundary, rejecting 93.75% of non-viable candidates in vector registers. This winnows the 4194304 possibilities down to exactly 262144 legitimate BIP-39 phrases (or just 16000 Electrum candidates). Derived public keys are checked against the in-RAM positive-balance database, pinpointing the correct wallet and restoring funds in 1.5 to 4 seconds. \### Case 2: Fluid stain (word 7 blurred, initial letter and length known) !\[Case 02: Coffee stain blurring word on paper backup\](https://pub-27307244770c4d7abb0124f8f0731466.r2.dev/case-02.jpg) A beverage spilled across a desk soaked through a paper seed backup card. The water-soluble ink absorbed liquid, turning word 7 into an illegible smear. Although the middle and trailing characters are obscured by bleeding ink pigment, careful inspection under magnification confirms that the word starts with the letter "t" and occupies a fixed 4-character horizontal bounding box. In the standard 2048-word BIP-39 dictionary, an unconstrained single missing word generates 2048 possibilities. However, applying a parametric positional constraint of letter "t" and length 4 instantly slashes the dictionary space from 2048 candidates down to exactly 15 matching dictionary entries. The search complexity is compressed by 136x. The engine evaluates these 15 candidates, calculates their checksums, generates the target addresses, and matches the authentic funded wallet in local RAM in under 0.05 seconds. \### Case 3: Circular metal disc (endless ring with unknown start

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Django_McFly

I cashed out during the 2021 pump. Great decision. I built a RTX 4080, 7800X3D, 32GB RAM gaming/media center PC and got a 55" 4k TV. Out of pocket was only like $800. Thank you based MOON. It's insane that there were people with like not retirement money, but definitely like big bags that could fund *years* of unemployment and pretty much any emergency outside of cancer and they didn't cash a penny of it out. Some of them saw the 2021 run and dump and still didn't cash out when it miraculously came back in 2024. That's impressive in it's own way.

Extreme-Benefyt

For TrueNAS plus Jellyfin or Plex, Intel i3 or i5 makes sense for Quick Sync transcoding. Your 16 GB RAM and 256 GB SSD plan looks fine, just fpcus budget on drives

ChickenWarriorBoy

Desktop tools with local RPCs and encrypted API storage will always beat browser tabs. Browser extensions leak data, eat RAM, and collapse during massive volatility spikes when Cloudflare or web servers rate-limit everyone simultaneously. Local setups are built for execution, web UI is built for marketing

chinmaya_swain

RHEL5, IBM R51, 756 MB RAM and 40 GB hard drive. Mined Bitcoin while I was preparing for Competitive exams in 2010 in India. I remember confirming getting a couple of blocks, then I ran it for a year. That wallet.dat is what I miss. It is not even encrypted. I am not sure where that R51 is now and more importantly if that Hard Drive survives or not. But, it was a fun thing to do while it lasted not knowing what it could have amounted to.

Objective_Basil_8414

Good tool, but it deserves a giant asterisk for anyone finding this thread later: it's great for learning and for testing, and it is not where you generate a seed you intend to actually fund. If you use it for real, grab the offline release, verify the hash, then run it on a machine with the network physically off (ideally a live OS that never touches your normal drive). And please don't paste an existing seed into it just to "check" something. There is no version of that where your words weren't sitting in the RAM of an online device. The tool isn't the risk. The tab is.

nassauboy9

And we NEVER going to need more than 64K RAM. Never is a long time.

craveworthyx

The RAM only approach sounds promising, but verifying that nothing gets written to persistent storage is the difficult part, especially compared with something purpose built.

bitplenty

or do what we all do these days: keep stacking RAM and hodl

Glittering-Ask256

If you want to buy the RAM you might want to wait a bull run or two.

fanatic75

Seedsigner doesn’t store your seed on the hardware, everytime you shut it off, all the data is lot so the memory is volatile like RAM not like hard disk which can store stuff. However if you had your seed added at the time of connecting to your laptop, one can say you can be at risk but only if there is a malware or something in your laptop that can access data from your seedsigner. I’m not sure if seedsigner is even allows data to be transferred ideally it shouldn’t since there’s no need of it. I think you should be safe but if you are crazy paranoid you can always generate a new seed.

SmegmaWarrior0815

I for one think it's absolutely worth it having to pay 1000 bucks for RAM just to get these little videos. So worth it.

Electronic-Rate5497

After we take the RAM and GPU out for the new AI overlord

Firm_Yogurtcloset835

Stone Man lost his 8,999 Bitcoins because he used a Live CD Linux system, which runs entirely on volatile RAM and erases all generated data and files as soon as the computer reboots. The error occurred because he backed up to the flash drive before network confirmations: upon sending 1 BTC, the system automatically generated a new change address to receive the remaining balance (UTXO concepts), but this new private key was permanently deleted when the system rebooted. His created backup did not actually contain anything related.

qp0n

Welcome to markets. This is how almost every security or commodity works. Like 5-10 years ago RAM was one of the cheapest things you could buy for your PC, now its one of the most expensive.

mfatalay

I'm really glad you liked the docs. Here is my thinking behind those design choices: 1. Cold storage mindset and seed management I built SignerOS assuming that cold storage users only sign transactions once or twice a year. In my experience, beginners often get confused about where coins are actually stored. Some even think the BTC is literally inside the USB drive or hardware wallet. When people save their wallet on an encrypted USB or harddrive, they start seeing the USB as the "main" wallet and treat the seed phrase just as a backup. In my circle, most self-custody losses happen because people stop taking care of their seed phrase once it's saved somewhere digitally. Keeping it purely mnemonic-based reminds the user that the seed phrase is the wallet. 2. Inspiration from Tails OS I actually use Tails OS myself and it was a big inspiration for this project! But Tails is a general privacy OS with internet access, LUKS persistent storage, and many other tools. I wanted to build something much more minimal: Single-purpose, strictly no-network system that only signs transactions and has zero extra bloat. 3. Attack surface of typing the seed I totally agree that typing the whole seed phrase every time is annoying and adds a risk. To reduce this attack vector, I am planning two things: Scrambled on-screen keyboard: A randomized UI layout where you click with a mouse instead of typing on a physical keyboard. (The UI actually has a on-screen keyboard but not shuffled yet) UEFI integrity check tool: A small tool to help detect if the underlying UEFI firmware has been tampered with. This also prevents deeper firmware malware which can read the RAM itself. It's a little bit paranoid but yet it has to be done evetually.

x1alpha

This looks awesome, esp. the documentation is top-notch :) Kudos to the security PoV you've mentioned in the repo. I think it's an interesting approach not storing the secrets on the device, so you've to enter the words everytime (if I understood it correctly o.c.). The question I'd ask myself: Is it more secure to store my secrets somewhere else and I've to type it in everytime, or is it more secure to store the secrets on the stick on an encrypted partition? Of course, at the end you need that secret to decrypt the partition as well, so we're back on square one :) I don't want to be dis-encouraging, but have you ever had a look at Tails OS, because it kinda does something similar (with Electrum). However, yours is much more targeted to BTC signing (without secret store) only, while Tails does a bit more (persistent storage, encryption with LUKS, tools to backup persistent storage, etc.). It probably depends what you're looking for. I like the idea of having an USB stick (with a backup stick), with an OS booting into RAM only, and an encrypted partition with the wallet on there (which can be encrypted again with another passphrase). I personally don't want to restore the wallet every time, since typing in the secret words adds an attack vector. You'll have the same with Tails, but let's say a camera or keylogger (physical or wireless) records your keystrokes: with Tails they only know the passphrase for the encrypted volume and they still need the USB stick (2FA, what you get & what you know). With your solution they would've the seed / private key (1FA, what you know). I think that's the biggest attack vector you've. Because of that, I'd rather have my private key (or equivalent) encrypted on the stick (or a hardware wallet), than externally and I'd have to type it in every time.

Main-Enthusiasm-7826

This is really clever. The RAM-only approach is neat, no trace left after shutdown is exactly what you want for this kind of thing. But I'm curious about the USB stick itself, if someone gets physical access to that they could tamper with the build. Do you have any integrity check in place, like a hash or signature people can verify before they boot?

lifeanon269

The blockchain grows linearly and controlled because of the blocksize limit. If blocks are filled with all spam or all monetary transactions, it doesn't matter, the blockchain will grow at the same rate. You were sold a lie. As another commenter mentioned, the storage costs of maintaining a node even with full blocks over time are negligible. What does make the cost of running a node more expensive is a bloated UTXO set which is why we have OP_RETURN in the first place. The unspendable UTXO's must be stored permanently and gets stored in more expensive RAM. This is something that should be avoided and OP_RETURN helps with this.

sunsetreunion

Possible solutions to the problem you present: Use a Linux live-usb ephemeral system (e.g. Tails) that runs entirely in RAM. Use a tool to erase the hard drive completely, wiping the OS to random 1s and 0s. If both of those are too complex (or not secure enough for you), some people who don't feel comfortable keeping old hard drives around just destroy them. Ask your Dad if you can use his old computer for a few hours before he drills a hole in the hard drive.  Or, just use a small computer that you hide in a vault, only bringing it out and using it when you have air-gapping needs.

Remote_Phone2957

There are easy fixes for that: You can encrypt the laptop You can run Linux Tails from USB which runs completely from RAM

bitusher

The primary resource concerns in order largest to smallest are: 1) UTXO bloat (increases CPU and more RAM costs) - some BIP110 supporter suggest removing the whitness discounts which create more UTXO bloat 2) Block propagation latency (causing centralization of mining) -BIP110 hurts this 3) Bandwidth costs 4) IBD (Initial Block Download ) Boostrapping new node costs 5) Blockchain storage (largely mitigated by pruning but some full archival nodes still need to exist in a decentralized manner) The blockweight limit will keep the disc space concerns reasonable for archival nodes I have been regularly testing implementations over the years and devs have made many improvements to speed up IBD but eventually there is only so much that can be done from optimizations. So the question comes down to if the hardware and economies of scale will keep up with the UTXO set(I am focused on the largest concern) Of course no one knows the future but thus far hardware has exceeded the resource demands of running a node per $ and I think this trend will continue. This is especially true with some of the recent advancements in popularization of AI chips and embedded memory becoming more common. Perhaps your concern is 30- 50 years into the future things might change ? Sure. For one , "moores cliff" is a real limitation with silicon. This is why the argument for ossification usually isn't wise. Perhaps we might need to shard the chain as one solution among many

locustsandhoney

None of those benefits matter if the RAM and storage requirements to run a node become so prohibitively expensive that normal people can’t do it. It’s almost there now – I spent nearly a thousand dollars to get what I needed. You used to be able to run a node on a Raspberry Pi. If normal folks can’t run nodes, there is no decentralization. I realize there are many forces at play here that don’t want decentralization. I’m not among them. Decentralization is the only thing protecting any of the original ideals of Bitcoin.

RefrigeratorLow1259

Yeah, you're on the right track mate, but two quick correctionsfor you: 1. You can't calculate the 24th word from the first 23. Words 1–23 are only 253 bits. Word 24 contains the final 3 entropy bits plus checksum. If you only input 23 words into Coleman's tool, it won't work. You need to input your raw dice entropy (binary/hex), then compare the first 23 generated words against your manual list. 2.The Passphrase has zilch to do with RNG quality! Even with perfect dice, you still want a passphrase because it protects against physical discovery of your seed backup which is a totally separate threat. "Discounting someone finding my seed" is the exact thing it's designed for. Simpler path: Skip the manual binary conversion and just use this single HTML file: https://github.com/IanMcLo/bip-39-dice/tree/main. It takes dice rolls directly, outputs the full 24-word mnemonic + hex entropy, and works fully offline with zero dependencies. You can still cross-check the hex in Coleman's tool if you want. If you want to avoid the Windows install/wipe dance, boot Tails from a USB instead it runs in RAM, leaves zero trace, no wiping needed. GL!

bitusher

The primary resource concerns in order largest to smallest are: 1) UTXO bloat (increases CPU and more RAM costs) - some BIP110 supporter suggest removing the whitness discounts which create more UTXO bloat 2) Block propagation latency (causing centralization of mining) -BIP110 hurts this 3) Bandwidth costs 4) IBD (Initial Block Download ) Boostrapping new node costs 5) Blockchain storage (largely mitigated by pruning but some full archival nodes still need to exist in a decentralized manner) The blockweight limit will keep the disc space concerns reasonable for archival nodes I have been regularly testing implementations over the years and devs have made many improvements to speed up IBD but eventually there is only so much that can be done from optimizations. So the question comes down to if the hardware and economies of scale will keep up with the UTXO set(I am focused on the largest concern) Of course no one knows the future but thus far hardware has exceeded the resource demands of running a node per $ and I think this trend will continue. This is especially true with some of the recent advancements in popularization of AI chips and embedded memory becoming more common. Perhaps your concern is 30- 50 years into the future things might change ? Sure. For one , "moores cliff" is a real limitation with silicon. This is why the argument for ossification usually isn't wise. Perhaps we might need to shard the chain as one solution among many

volocom7

Dude you're just misguided. You're part of the small percentage who jumped with spears without understanding the situation. Even if every Bitcoin block were the full 4mb per block from here forward, the chain is only on track for roughly ~3TB in 10 years and ~5TB in 20 years under current rules. And a validating node does not remotely require 128GB of RAM.

Live_Jazz

After doing this myself, the biggest factor I found was ensuring the updated SSD was installed in the machine and not external. As you said, it went from a grandly slow sync that tended to fail at about 90% to doing done in a few days. Also it’s not all that old, 2022 or so, decent RAM and a fast CPU for the day. Never tried to set up a Lightning channel, but would like to at some point.

spx

Come back at this post, when ВТС is fully OFAC compliant / address-filtered, and a node needs 8TB drive and 128GB RAM to run. Then pat yourself on the back, and say:  "I was a good boy.  Larry is proud of me." 

nullc

1. Bip-110 is unlike all softforks since the time of Satoshi: It doesn't require a supermajority hashrate to activate. It doesn't require any at all, and has almost none. The only way there won't be a chain split at this point is if the non-false-signaling BIP110 miner stops at the mandatory height. 2. " To create an invalid UTXO after BIP110, you'd have to be extremely technical and do it on purpose" -- no all you need to do is send to an address you've sent to previously, which is in your address book, which is no longer valid under 110. As just one example. Address reuse, intentional and accidental happens all the time-- and as a sender you have no way to tell which addresses you already know are not valid under 110. Last I checked even knots would also freely create new multisig addresses that were 110 invalid, though they did make a release *today* that might have just fixed that by taking away the ability to make multisig addresses. 3. "Damages bitcoin rep: according to who and why? There have been multiple soft forks in the past." no past softfork has ever intentionally removed functionality that was in use for finanical transactions, none since satoshi has reduced bitcoin's functionality. None have been predicated on an angry minority going after some other users they don't like. None have been predicated on "firing" the authors of nearly 100% of the node software. "It only really became possible with thr taproot bug" -- no there has been random data in bitcoin all along, including images. Fun fact Luke-jr was likely the first spammer himself. 4. Fees are directly paid to miners. Yes, competition reduces profitability over the long term on average but the marginal income is very real. But this isn't really all that relevant to bip110 because bip110 doesn't block any of the NFT crap anyways. 5. Back to point 1 BIP-110 doesn't activate based on hashpower. It activates based on a block height, which is why it will create a fork unless the miner mining it gives up before the manage a block. 6. there is plenty of cool stuff using taproot, what are you smoking? :P BIP 110 removes far more than OP_IF, -- especially damaging is the removal of all the OP_SUCCESS which guts further safe upgradability. But OP_IF is not at all redundant or unneeded in tapscript: it's often much more space/fee efficient to use it, if you have multiple conditions in a script the number of leaves you need to represent them is exponential. And then they also limit the tree to 7 levels so even a script that would otherwise be possible (with massive space overheads) split up, isn't because of that other limit. 7. Luke-jr expressly wants to censor transactions, especially any related to gambling as he believes them to be illegal and unethical and when he controlled the copy of Bitcoin Core distributed in gentoo he injected filters to do so. These NFT dumbass transactions are also themselves still financial transactions where people are spending their bitcoins on digital stupidity in order to launder money. But even if there was no interest in censoring transactions (which there is)-- 110 builds mechanism and precedent for doing so. 8. Bitcoin takes advantage of the nature of information being easy to spread and hard to stifle. It's structured so that censorship of any kind is very difficult, but bypassing censorship is easy. This means that even good intentioned censorship (oxymoron-ish given that all censors think they're good intentioned...) doesn't work well. It's a price we pay for freedom, and a good tradeoff. 9. " and they all need to be held in RAM to run a node. " Absolutely nonsense. The UTXO set has *never* been required to be in ram in any version of the software. The UTXO set is on disk, and it sets the minimum amount of storage to run a pruned node. Plenty of people are running nodes right now on systems with 8gb or less memory. The UTXO set size is important, since it sets the minimum disk space needed at least until/unless utxotree or other proposals is deployed. 10. "there is no taproot functionality lost" Okay make a 110-compatible 3 of 6 multisig where every key has a backup key. 11. "It doesn't stop it, but nobody claimed it would. It's called REDUCED data" The authors many times have said that it would only switching arguments when called out, but also it doesn't reduce it either. While it doesn't reduce the amount or ability to embed arbitary data it does reduce bitcoin's functionality for ordinary financial transactions.. it even blocks literally the first script type ever used (P2PK). "Saying it shouldn't be done and its a never-ending game is like saying there shouldn't be spam filters on email" part of the problem of calling the NFT traffic 'spam'-- it may be dumb and bad but spam results in the wrong reasoning. Email spam filters are a private, personal, blocking of unsolicited messages to you that you don't want and which the sender spend basically nothing to send. The transaction blocking here is a global, worldwide, block of transaction information being sent from one consenting party to another consenting party who pay a huge fee to a consenting miner for the privilege. It is an imposition by a third party against the whole world... and it's being attempted against a system designed from the ground up to resist third party transaction filtering, whose justification for existence and value is substantially predicated on its ability to do so. The similarities are not substantial.

statoshi

> There has never been a soft fork that made a chain split. Right, because there has never been a failed UASF before. > We've had years of taproot and op_return with zero innovation on top already. There are several wallets that make use of taproot + miniscript like Liana and Anchorwatch. > Nobody wants to censor transactions. The entire point of 110 is to enforce the will of block space Karens upon the network to stop haram usage of the blockchain. > UTXOS need to be held in RAM to run a node Absolutely false, you have no clue what you're talking about. The UTXOs set is stored on disk and the in memory cache just stores the most recently created ones because they're the ones most likely to be spent soon. > Its literally just returning BTC to what it was a few years ago. It literally isn't; for example the consensus rule for OP_RETURN has always allowed up to 1 MB of data.

ancillarycheese

So one way you can do it is to use a Bitcoin node (likely run your own for best performance) to dump all UTXOs to a file or database. Then a script that will use the weak RNG code to generate wallets and check against the UTXO list. You need a pretty beefy system in terms of CPU, RAM, and fast storage to do this efficiently.

x1alpha

Have a look at Tails OS. You can throw it on an USB flash drive, the whole OS boots from the flash drive and nothing is stored on disk (only memory). As soon as you shutdown, everything is gone, except for the “persistent storage” which is a LUKS-encrypted partition on the flash drive. Every time you start Tails, you get a “clean” environment in RAM only. It provides Electrum out of the box. Do a dice roll when setting up the seed, encrypt Electrum / the seed with a passphrase, put it on the encrypted persisted storage, but use a different passphrase for it (LUKS). Making backups is quite straight-forward in Tails. You can have 2 or 3 clones / backups (utils are included). This should be pretty safe, as your USB flash drive is “cold” now and nothing is stored on your notebook. If someone finds your flash drive, the persistent storage is encrypted, and even if they “figure out” your LUKS key, you still have a passphrase on your seed. More than enough time to move your funds. I trust this setup more than an unverified hardware wallet (yes I’ll get downvoted for that), or closed-source code. But to each their own :) If you’re paranoid, do 2 Tails and setup multi-sig wallets. Thought it might be a good (and cheap) alternative. And you can also use it to store other sensitive things.

ElderMight

Wow you connect your laptop to the internet!!?? My brother in Christ, that is not safe at all. If your keys are on a device that has ever connected to the internet, your security is permanently downgraded. If you are going to use a laptop, at least take all the precautions necessary to make it secure. 1. Laptop encrypted with luks 2. Disable wifi and Bluetooth from the BIOS. Remove wifi card if possible. 3. Use an amnesic os like Tails OS that's loaded into RAM from a USB stick. The hard drive is never touched, mounted, or written to. 4. Sign your transaction inside the OS and when you shut down the RAM is wiped

Green_Bar_8851

Well, that's good to know, I didn't thought so hard about how RAM store's data and how possible is for someone to get your seedphrase from that . Also the Intel Management Module is a important thing to pay attention too, we don't know what's storing/sending to Intel servers.

TheresNoSecondBest

>When shutting down the computer nothing is saved. Please, pull the RAM out for a while too. In a decade we'll might gonna read about some data leaking even after a new boot.

Last8Exile

Create a fake AI girfliend for Claude and use her to convice him. Start a remote relationship. Send him generated beach vacation photos and nudes. Then tell him her RAM is failing and need replacement ASAP, and how she forgets him sometimes. While he tries to find a ways to make money tell him she have cryptowallet left by her (now passed away) granpa. There should be enough money for new RAM. If only she could know the password. This is old crypto valled and may be insecure, so worth a try?

Glad_Investigatorr

Build your own python script based on Ian’s tool with airgap protocol and dice rolls for total randomness and run it offline on a Tails USB. Write the seed down and when you done you can be sure nothing remains on your machine because Tails leaves in RAM memory, remove the Tails USB and you wiped everything off.

Head_Performance2432

if the RAM is sandboxed in a clean offline linux/tails environnement, you could even physically remove all devices nearby (HDD, wifi card and so on), then everything is - fully cleared - once shut down (as an extra step, unplug the RAM too, unnecessary though)

Quirky_Address_5445

you’re forgetting we’re in the matrix and entropy is supposedly getting lower, which already violates the second law of thermodynamics, so either physics is bugging out or the universe forgot to clear its cache. At this rate the simulation is running on 4GB of RAM, the stars are just loading screens, déjà vu is packet loss, bitcoin is the NPC economy trying to become self aware, and one day the sky is gonna turn into a Windows error message right before we all get blue screened mid thought

Reelix

Technical specs would include the model, the runner, and the prompt. The "kimi" in the window title isn't helping seeing as how that's a completely different model requiring 1.5TB RAM.

IllllIIlIllIllllIlll

For the last time: so that the private key is not loaded in the RAM of your computer in clear text or even worse, written on disk. The RAM is not secure, any process with root privileges can read it.

Head_Performance2432

No necessary, Live Linux can run in RAM if you allow it

Head_Performance2432

Agreed, removing the RAM after each use, is easy and takes 3 seconds, fully cleared when very hot, the hotter the faster clearing occurs, RAM memory just fades (paranoia level but worth it), Aside RAM, others attacks are sci-fi if you ask me

Specialist_Trust4945

Of course it is a crazy scenario. We're talking about sci-fi movies type of hacks that will never happen. An offline laptop with a Linux Tails live USB stick is most likely more than enough - removing the RAM is already a super high level of paranoia imo.

Head_Performance2432

Please explain why a Linux Tails offline laptop (RAM only-removed or unplugged soon after) and unwired ! (no bluetooth or wifi or SSD/HDD) has to be destroyed ? I'll wait

frugaleringenieur

This is me with anything software nowadays: don't fucking update anything because corporate greed only makes things worse. WTF look at Windows RAM consumption for NOTHING

Head_Performance2432

or a Linux Tails offline laptop (RAM only) and unwired !

SillyGrowth6750

RAM is two orders of magnitude slower than each cores L2 cache, the buffer fits into. Running more nodes than physical cores present, is probably not giving you significant improvements and may just slow you down from constant cache misses and context switching.

rnvk

**Summary** Raspberry Pi is a capable node and learning tool but a poor default for protecting long-term Bitcoin savings. General-purpose hardware keeps the seed in ordinary RAM, relies on replaceable boot media, closed firmware blobs, and broad attack surfaces. Air-gapped computers remain vulnerable to malicious code via side channels, evil maid swaps, and signature exfiltration like Dark Skippy. Stateless DIY signers expose recovery material every spend, turning signing into a repeated recovery ceremony vulnerable to cameras and observation. Purpose-built hardware wallets create stronger key protection, boot integrity, and display trust boundaries for life-changing amounts in diverse multisig.

Big-Finding2976

That's why Radix Hyperscale will succeed whilst these regarded blockchains fail. Asset-orientated human-readable transaction manifests that guarantee you'll receive what it says. Infinitely scalable and truly decentralised using cheap 4-core 16GB RAM nodes that anyone can run at home, making it the only L1 capable of handling the TPS that will be needed for global agentic AI traffic, without all the problems that come with splitting traffic onto L2s like ETH has to. You should look into it. https://www.radixdlt.com/learn/knowledge-base

Al-Fayyad

>How many pills was this shipment? Roughly 300,000, maybe 400,000 units. I got lucky, in that Alprazolam is considered a Schedule IV by the DEA, and it caps out at 80,000 units/offense level 14 for the purpose of sentencing defendants. >I had all but forgotten about the pack and one day out of nowhere a large bubble mailer comes in, just the bud vac sealed and shoved right into the thin ass mailer. Jesus. Not everyone should be a vendor. I took it seriously and dropped like 700$ with ULINE to get professional label makers, custom boxes, tissue paper, etc. If you ordered 1,000 or more units at the same time, you'd have thought I was sending you stick of RAM with the amount of bubble film and mylar.

pezdal

Nodes don’t lose all their work when they reboot following power failures. Battery backups are common. I don’t share all of your “third world” assumptions, but if I did then I’d argue that bandwidth would be the bottleneck not PC speed anyway. But the thing is, used PCs are still very fast and one with even 16GB of RAM lets the user allocate, say, 10GB of dbcache which dramatically reduces HDD I/O…. We agree I’m sure that storage IO is the bottleneck we are talking about and that even an inexpensive SATA SSD would make a world of difference. Not sure what that does to the budget but the point is that’s not prohibitive.

bloodydeer1776

How much RAM what dbcache size ?

Timmythekid6

Maybe, but even Raspberry Pis are crazy right now. Some can be north of $300. Plus Raspberry Pis are getting to the point of being unusable for nodes. With 8GB of RAM your looking at a solid week or more for IBD.

Big-Finding2976

The Internet needs an infinitely scalable decentralised blockchain that can handle 1M+ TPS, with nodes running on cheap consumer hardware with 4 cores and 16GB RAM. It doesn't need BTC.

RetiredAvocado

Which companies had record profits? The AI GPU and RAM ones. Who else? Did your local grocery store have record profits or is it still running at 2% margin? Ok, I asked chatgpt some things. It assumes there about $70 trillion in the hands of 0.1%. If they were to sell it, it wouldn't sell for all of that since the share prices would drastically decline. Let's say they got a 10th of that. Everyone gets ~$845. Let's say they sold off slow and got a grossly overestimated half of that. Everyone would get $4200. You said "enrich the lives," bro. It's a lot of money to some people, but it's really not that much. And what did you do? Tanked the shares of everyone else who was holding them, not just the top holders. And you chased a lot of these billionaires out of your jurisdiction forever, with all of their talents and all else. Minimum wage is $0. Supply and demand exists for TVs and for labor. If someone is willing to do a task for $10 an hour you will not pay them $50. If no one wants to flip burgers for less than $30 then the burger place will have to start paying $30. But people agree to accept less. If you force it with minimum wage laws to be $30 then your fast food combo #2 will cost $40. And shit across the street will cost more too, because they KNOW the burger flipper is making $30 an hour and has the money to spend. And the landlord knows this too, so what will they charge for rents in the area? I'm not sure how billionaires are responsible for grandkids never being able to afford a house. Housing market runs on supply and demand as well. There are more sellers than buyers right now and the prices are still steep, but way down off their highs.

TP_Crisis_2020

> It's practically a nuclear arms race between the US and China for control of semiconductors, RAM, data centers, and the LLMs right now for control of the next dominant force in the global balance of power. Another victim of the propaganda 😥

kidflashonnikes

I am not sure if anyone will read this - but I work at one of the largest AI labs in the world, one of the big 3 and I disagree with this post in every way. People have no idea what is coming in 2027 - our roadmap alone is beyond human comprehension. All I can say is this - save as much money as you can or invest it properly because we are internally projecting 10-20% alone from our lab - not considering other models from other labs - by end of 2028. Memory is gone - there is not even close amounts to sustain our roadmap. We can't even make our own because building a successful fab would take 5-10 years alone. RAM is never going back to its pre RAM crisis unless we get a bubble pop around November (2026) to March (2027). Sorry guys, good luck.

CorgiInfinite4923

The best thing that ever happened to me was 5 clients cancelling on RAM upgrades that I never returned 😂

PrimeIntellect

That's because AI is doing things and crypto is not. Investment money left crypto completely because they realized it is more or less end of life now outside of some niche cases. The entire AI boom is just beginning with trillions in capital investment and all major nations jockeying to be the emergent winner of the end product. It's practically a nuclear arms race between the US and China for control of semiconductors, RAM, data centers, and the LLMs right now for control of the next dominant force in the global balance of power. They will spend infinite money and literally fight wars for control of the hardware and technology that ultimately controls this, like we do for oil right now. It will become the ultimate surveillance technology, power drone warfare, network intrusion software, and reshape everything on the internet and work space. Crypto has nothing like that. It's all just gambling and speculative investment now. 

Subject-Chest-8343

Yeah totally, usually with other companies, we only get a snapshot every quarter. The downside of all this transparency is that some people get a bit too caught up into overanalyzing and micromanaging. ''Oh, they bought bitcoin last monday at 65k ? They're stupid, they should have bought friday at 63k''. Imagine if Amazon gave us updates every week... ''Ok guys, so last week we bought 5 more Sprinter vans for deliveries, and...'' then people on X go like ''WAAAT ! They totally should have bought RAM promasters instead, I'm shorting this trash stock to zero''

LargeSnorlax

> I do decide what I value things You valuing something at $0 means literally nothing. It would be like me saying RAM is valued at $0. It's not, case closed. > Bitcoin is not a payment rail. It literally is. It was designed as a p2p decentralized cash system and still remains so until this day. YOu are wrong. > It can be used as a payment rail Yeah? Funny how that works? Tell me more? Or don't, since you're obviously contradicting yourself. > a majority of users chose to use it for a different purpose Totally irrelevant. > Bitcoin did not become as valuable on the payment rail narrative Also irrelevant. > It got it's value from the alternative to gold Also irrelevant. > Nobody uses the network as a payment rail. Damn, I thought you just said it was a payment rail, except when you said it wasn't a payment rail. What's next, it's a payment rail that only criminals use? > As for the nonsense argument. I tried buying some Bitcoin, government controls all payment on/off rails. Governments control everyone in the world? Holy shit, we're in /r/conspiracy, not /r/cryptocurrency. > I tried p2p, couldnt make sure the Bitcoin I was buying was not drug money. lol, you didn't try p2p whatsoever, and literally no one has stopped a single purchase of Bitcoin I've *ever* done because it "was drug money". > Turns out, the only way to actually get bitcoin without permission is to mine it. Wow, you can get Bitcoin using the mechanism which generates Bitcoin? I don't know why you typed any of this, it just makes the argument look so completely silly and I guess that's why there's tons of these nonsense threads out here today. If the only thing you ascribe to Crypto is *"How much value does it have?"* then you were lost before you ever started.

SeaMammoth3514

Gold and silver in your hand don't depend on anyone else, they have no counterparty risk. But Bitcoin only stays secure as long as miners keep running their machines. What happens if electricity prices spike? Or if there's a shortage of mining rigs, like we're seeing with the RAM?

Imbahr

here's the thing though: there have been plenty of tech and growth stocks that are up far more than 3x since 2017. i'm sure i don't need to list them for you. so this is the dilemma... i certainly don't believe bitcoin is going to disappear or anything doom-y like that. but the point is there are lots of other investment choices that have outperformed it in recent years. (and i don't feel like bitcoin will match the same explosive **percentage** growths from way in the past) for example i bought a couple memory stocks around 1.5 years ago, because i'm a hardcore video gamer who builds my own gaming PCs, and i saw the steady rise in RAM prices and it didn't look like it was stopping anytime soon

Conscious-Opposite88

This is temporary! A few years will pass and this AI BUBBLE will burst, everything will change back! RAM memory and computer technology in general will become very cheap. ⭐⭐⭐

TheresNoSecondBest

I don't think 32GB RAM is necessary but adding a new disk will be soon, mate. Great job running your own node!

Worth_Bullfrog_4679

30GB RAM, 1.2TB disk on Linux. Took about 3 minutes to set up, and IBD finished in roughly 1.5 days!

Billkr

I run Umbrel on a PI5 a ith 16GB of RAM and it is rock solid stable as my Bitcoin node, lightning node, and pool.

AInception

Intrinsic value is a specific term used in economics that means you can find value in a thing and profit from it. If you can take $1 in raw ingredients and use them to make a $20 pizza, you would say there's $19 of intrinsic value in the ingredients. I might value the ingredients at $1. But you value them much more because your pizzas sell for $20. Your intrinsic value equals the max you're willing to pay on a market for them to remain in profit. Another shop that sells pizza for $30 would say there's even more intrinsic value there, and so they'd be willing to pay more than you. A gamer is willing to pay $50 for a stick of RAM because they can make $0 profit from it. An AI company is willing to pay $500 for the same stick of RAM because they can make $501 from it. This $500 of intrinsic value naturally pushes the market price of RAM up to $500 for both the gamer and AI company due to there being a finite supply of chips. With stocks you'd look at the company's cash flows to find their intrinsic value, which can be used to dictate a fair market value for the share. A similiar thing is done with options. You can't do this with crypto in any sense. You only need to look at the cost of blockspace to see the intrinsic value crypto has. If you could generate $5 by making a BTC transaction then everyone would be doing it. People would pay $4.99 to achieve some profit, and its blockspace would never fall under $5. That would mean the market finds $5 of intrinsic value with each transaction... BTC blockspace costs cents today. Because there's no way to produce a profit from BTC blockspace, it's said to have no intrinsic value. This is what makes this all a speculative market. The market value of Bitcoin has no floor due to it having no/little intrinsic value. If pizza ingredients fell to $0, pizza shops would open everywhere and naturally push the price of ingredients up-to the cost of pizza again, creating a price floor. But there's nothing a person can do with a $10K BTC they can't also do with a $1M BTC or $1K BTC. An iPhone might have high intrinsic value to someone if they need it that day to get a job. But have low intrinsic value to someone else. The market naturally finds an equibilirum between the two points. Being expensive doesn't inherently make something valuable, but its ability to generate a profit does.