FLOW

AnonymousLurkster

Sounds like you did years of investing with zero actual research. Honestly, check out FLOW. No it's not some random side coin, it's one of the biggest players in crypto that no-one wants to talk about. Fully scalable, zero to near zero fees, fast, future proof, and it's chief architect is Dete Shirley, the guy that penned the ERC-721 standard. (I.e. he invented the NFT) The chain was created in response to CryptoKitties tanking Ethereum, as a platform that could actually handle large projects and mass adoption. It also inherently handles all the stuff that ETH requires L2s and L3s for, out of the box, and does it better, all in an L1. The number of AAA IPs building on FLOW is insane too, unmatched. And the language, Cadence, blows Solidity out of the water re: security, features and ease of use. It's more akin to Sui's move, but did it years earlier. If there's one thing Flow sucks at, it's blowing their own horn.

beerbaron105

better off cutting off your shitty alts and moving them into new ones. FLOW will not recover

LargeSnorlax

Nice to see movement from some of my deader alts. Been nice to see stuff like ARB, MATIC and OP doing well. I'm wondering if even Bitcoin going to 100k can revive stuff like FLOW though.

robomartin

FLOW? I really had to rack my brain to come up with one. I had a few ideas but they had all come out before 2021

photog623

Other than FLOW, that's a lot of supply. This will be interesting.

GoldenRain99

Some notable events this month to watch out for: Token unlocks: Oct 16: $FLOW - $3.23M, 0.7% supply. Oct 17: $APE - $16.6M, 4.23% supply. Oct 20: $AXS - $64.59M, 11.5% supply. Oct 22: $ID - $3.41M, 6.46% supply.

GoldenRain99

Token unlocks: Oct 16: $FLOW - $3.23M, 0.7% supply. Oct 17: $APE - $16.6M, 4.23% supply. Oct 20: $AXS - $64.59M, 11.5% supply. Oct 22: $ID - $3.41M, 6.46% supply.

amgcryptto

Didn't used it as a main exchange but used it once for buying FLOW, it was good!

Abundance144

BUY MY BOOK. PLAY MY BOARD GAME. CASH FLOW, BALANCE SHEET, I HAD TWO DADS. Thats my Robert impression.

i_reddit_at_reddit

Watch out for some of these big token unlocks this week: OP, DYDX, ILV, FLOW, WOO

Sky-876

I dont know toncoin either. Not even FLOW 2nd best gainer, lol.

austinvvs

Why FLOW? Not arguing against your comment, just genuinely curious, I’m familiar but not to knowledgable about it

cagedyoshi

Yeh, it's called FLOW

fairysquirt

Technically it isn't a scam, but yeah I was in the mint launch and burned 800 usd into near nothing now. It isn't so much a scam it just has depreciating value so you need to keep spending to get the latest thing to sell for profit immediately or you go down with the ship, no long term value besides casino luck. Though I think that isn't an intentional slow rug, it's just the woes of creating a utility that happens to be inflationary, and the inflation outrunning adoption by alot. It is still on FLOW and stuff, the community is cool, the team is nice enough. Not everything in crypto you lose money on is a scam just because it lost value. People are out here investing in PEPE fraud token, not honest projects. So many projects ive seen die deserved mass investment, and the devs sat back and watched 2 minute shit tokens on eth moon instantly over branding on some website and no development whilst they work for years actually developing something in ernest. That has actually been a plague crypto space wide. Binance has been stealing IP left and right, replacing every single thing with a centralized ccp version and everyone loves them for some obscure reason, whilst they wash Tether for Bitfinex for years, stealing everyones USD by buying up Bitcoin and most cryptos to false moon on unbacked Tethers. Really backed by rugged USD. A good example is Blocknet... they applied to list, Binanace asked them a heap of sensitive queries about how it worked (it is peer to peer QT wallet to QT wallet trading between bitcore forked coins, there's a LOT of them) anyway, Binance proceeds to now list Blocknet, but then launches a peer to peer trading section months later. We need to support grass roots. And grass roots projects going down in value because nobody invests in them does NOT compare them to scams which go UP because people greedily buy into hype. Pepe is the biggest rug of all time I think, they've leeched more capital out of people than I think even EOS did with it's 2 YEAR ICO lol. 2.4 Billion dollars trading value on Pepe for a couple of days and it only went down the moment it hit CEX, because the guys who launched the LP only put in 1 ETH which they can get part out with their 6% of supply and never ever ever lose money as they bought in first from their own swap LP, from the 94% supply... even if LP tokens are burned they can still rug having dumped a mill into the scam, wash traded volume up. How swaps balance and work, they will NEVER lose money as they can just swap to get their ETH back, and nobody can get that ETH because they bought the cheapest, from 1 ETH valuation upto mill. The scam nobody sees in PEPE is the ONLY way for people to get true value back out of it is get their ETH OUT of Uniswap. But now it's on CEX with supply distributed far and wide, PEPE can't go back into Uniswap, so price cannot collapse like it should, whilst the devs bleed out true value through selling on CEX, far more than any amount the victims can lambo in thinking it's a legit project. It's literally just a website and 2 minute shit token, with an evaluation at one point of 2.8 Billion dollars... for a meme that isn't theirs, a concept they stole from memetic pepecoin (they even rugged the term memetic from them). Pepe COIN actually HAD a main net, a wallet, a COMMUNITY and MARKETPLACE of HOME GROWN PEPE MEME cards, anyone could make one and list it, was early NFTs. Kekdaq they called it. Pepe rebranded to Meme ticker but was still called Memetic, was on Bittrex for years. All this PEPE scam token did... was hijack a brand in a way that goes against the wishes of the original Pepe comic artist who already stated the culture he supports. Memetic was WAY more wholesome, had development, a community and was grass roots. And people FELL for some centralized gimmicky shit AGAIN with mostly faked trading volume luring in exchanges thirsty for fee earning, luring their customers to all lose money whilst the exchanges used fee earnings to pump into Pepe advertising to ride a wave dumping everyone on the Reef.

BATISTUTA9

ICP -99.1% FLOW -98.6% Curve -92.2% Filecoin -98.1% Alrogrand -97.7% Gala -97% EOS -96.7% Axie -96.3% And the list goes on.

RedKe

>Does anybody actually buy below top 50? If yes what and why? FLOW, IOTA, MINA, SUI, OSMO, CELO, AZERO, IOTX, NANO - Seemed like a good idea at some point. When next bull comes I will probably unload except those I still believe in.

edwardanilbq

Those mentioned are not that bad, I have been holding FLOW and ZIL for a very long time, and I wouldn't overlook tokens like INJ, IMX, SYLO, RLC, and KEEP also

pokeholo23

FLOW up for no reason btw It's so popular that they don't even write clickbait articles on it

AnonymousLurkster

Check out FLOW blockchain and NBA TopShot, NFL AllDay and UFC Strike. Super consumer friendly, very successful. Multiple full custodial wallet solutions with zero fees to users. Made by the team that invented NFTs and created CryptoKitties. TBH I have no idea why FLOW is as underappreciated as it is. Even ignoring the customer facing side, on the technical side the chain is light years ahead of anything else.

EducationIsGood

My spread: 35% BTC, 30% ETH, 5% LTC, and 10% split across MATIC/ALGO/ADA/FLOW/TRON/DOT/XNO/XLM The rest in stocks (mostly Novo Nordisk and index funds). I also have 0% Monero 👀

mnkbstard

MANA bought at 0.06, sold at 0.44 FLOW bought at 5.00 sold at 34.00 € Metaverse is useless

mishax1

It's in the links. The current daily volume of FLOW on Huobi is $351,486

user260421

Tldr FLOW FIL XDC ZIL BCH

marekt14

Got it, my portfolio is now: 33% ICP 33% FLOW 33% FIL

JandorGr

some of my list of weird (still not sure what will survive, but I am out of these now: XTZ, FLOW, KLAY, KAVA, RUNE (oh god, runeee), NEM/XEM (got myself bunt there), SXP (did some tiny gains there in 2021), SAMO, GO, SYLO, EXF (lol, a nice dex learn there), BBOO, OCTA, ....

lgy13

FLOW

SoNotYou

We need some collective positive thoughts folks. Some copy paste for positivity >WE ARE ALL IN THIS TOGETHER. DO NOT UNDER ESTIMATE THE POWER OF POSITIVE THOUGHT! ESPECIALLY COLLECTIVE POSITIVE THOUGHT! THIS SHIT IS GOING TO REACH $6969.420 EASILY! HOLD THAT THOUGHT AND VISUALIZE IT IN YOUR MIND EVERYDAY AS OFTEN AS POSSIBLE STARTING NOW AND IT WILL MANIFEST INTO REALITY. DO IT! I'M NOT JOKING! VISUALIZE AS OFTEN AND AS DETAILED AS POSSIBLE! EVERYTHING IS ENERGY AND VIBRATION. ATTUNE YOUR VIBRATIONS TO MATCH THAT OF MONEY AND IT WILL FLOW TO YOU

simplero

> I'm waiting ALGO at 0.15$, SOL at 10$, FLOW at 0.5$, OKINAMI at 0,001$ and MATIC at 1$ 🥴 Im also thinking WAX at 4$.

Ripresa

I'm waiting ALGO at 0.15$, SOL at 10$, FLOW at 0.5$, OKINAMI at 0,001$ and MATIC at 1$ 🥴

thevoltron

>Anyway, not hats, but highlights of basketball games: >>The creator of the National Basketball Association’s Top Shot NFTs must face a lawsuit accusing it of selling unregistered securities, marking a new development in a broader fight over how to classify cryptoassets like nonfungible tokens. >>In the suit, filed in 2021, purchasers of Top Shot Moments — digital video clips of highlights from NBA games — allege that Dapper Labs violated US securities law by offering the items without registering them with regulators and that Dapper improperly used its control over the popular collectibles. >>US District Judge Victor Marrero on Wednesday denied a request by Dapper to throw out the suit before trial, finding that the plaintiffs had adequately alleged that Moments are securities for the case to go forward. Marrero said that the trading of Moments is limited to the company’s Flow blockchain and that purchasers therefore rely on Dapper’s expertise and management “as well as its continued existence.” >>“Hypothetically, if Upper Deck or Topps, two longtime producers of physical sports trading cards, were to go out of business, the value of the cards they sold would be wholly unaffected, and may even increase, much like posthumously discovered art,” the judge wrote. >>He continued: “That is not true here, where plaintiffs allege that the pooling of capital generated from the sale of Moments propped up the Flow Blockchain and where the value of Moments is intertwined with the success of that blockchain and Dapper Labs.” >Here is the opinion, and I think it is worth noting how involved Dapper is in every part of the investment. Top Shot Moments are not non-fungible tokens on some public third-party blockchain like Ethereum or Solana; instead, they exist on Dapper’s “own private blockchain, Flow,” [4]though I suppose that characterization is debatable and Dapper says that Flow is now decentralized. But the way you transfer money onto the Flow blockchain to buy Top Shot Moments does seem to run through Dapper. Specifically (citations omitted): >>Dapper Labs, which maintains a digital wallet, called a “Dapper Wallet,” for all users to facilitate payments, also takes a “cash-out fee” when purchasers transfer their balance from the Dapper Wallet to their bank account. >>Moments purchasers who sought to withdraw their cash off of the NBA Top Shot application have not always been able to do so, nor has it been quick. On March 26, 2021, Dapper Labs published on the NBA Top Shot website that withdrawals would first be enabled in six to eight weeks. Once enabled, Dapper Labs stated that withdrawals would be “processed within 21 days but others may take 40 days or more.” Not all persons on the NBA Top Shot platform had withdrawal capabilities enabled by Dapper Labs, and Plaintiffs allege that, even once Dapper Labs enabled the functionality, many were not able to withdraw their funds. … >>Plaintiffs also allege that purchasers’ capital is then held by Dapper Labs in Dapper-controlled wallets. Further, they contend that Dapper Labs has been retaining purchasers’ cash on its books for months after withdrawals are requested to help “raise money at a high valuation,” to “prop up the value of the [FLOW] token,” because, without capital on the platform, “the platform will collapse.” >The point is that if you give money to a company and the company says you got some return on your investment and you ask for your money back and the company keeps your money for as long as it feels like, then that does feel more like an investment in the company than like a decentralized permissionless whatever. It is like my MattQuest hats. You’d want to know things like, does Dapper have the money? >The rest of the opinion is fairly straightforward and along the lines we discussed for the hats: investment, common enterprise, expectation of profits, efforts of others. The “expectation of profits” prong is, I think, the weakest: What if you were just buying these Moments because you love watching basketball highlights and you want to “own,” in some abstract sense, copies of limited editions of some of those highlights? But as with everything in crypto, there are awkward tweets where NBA Top Shot’s Twitter account promoted not the coolness of the highlight videos, but the amounts of money involved in Top Shots trading. The opinion quotes some of them, and adds: >>Each Tweet promotes a recent sale or statistics of recent sales of Moments on the Marketplace. **And although the literal word “profit” is not included in any of the Tweets, the “rocket ship” emoji, “stock chart” emoji, and “money bags” emoji objectively mean one thing: a financial return on investment.** >Well, there you go, a court ruling that the “rocket ship” emoji “objectively mean[s] one thing: a financial return on investment.” >This is not a definitive ruling that these NFTs are securities — it is just a preliminary stage of the case — and it is certainly not a ruling that all NFTs are securities; the control that Dapper has over the investment here seems important. Also **this is a case brought by private plaintiffs** who bought Top Shot Moments during the bubble, **not the SEC**; the SEC tends to think that everything is a security, but has not really gone around claiming that NFTs are securities.[5] >But the main fact of crypto regulation in the US in 2023 is that the SEC is cracking down by saying that everything is a security, and some crypto businesses are pushing back, arguing in court that in fact not everything in crypto is a security. My assumption is that, especially after the crypto collapse last year, courts are going to be very sympathetic to the SEC’s arguments, and very inclined to believe that everything is a security. This decision is another sign of that.

coinfeeds-bot

tldr; A federal judge has ruled that NBA Top Shot NFTs issued by Dapper Labs may meet the requirements to be considered an unregistered security. The ruling does not apply to the sale and distribution of FLOW, the Flow blockchain’s native crypto asset. However, the Howey Test was applied to the NBA “Moments” *This summary is auto generated by a bot and not meant to replace reading the original article. As always, DYOR. Get more of today's trending news [here](https://coinfeeds.substack.com).*

Set1Less

If u go through the ruling, the judge applies the howeys test finds that the NFTs are indeed investment contracts that satisfy howeys test. One of the reasons is because they are issued on Flow blockchain which is controlled by the same Dapper Labs and is not decentralized at all > To be sure, however, and as discussed in more detail below, the Court’s conclusion that the offer of Moments constitutes an investment contract is not premised on the sale and distribution of FLOW, and the Court provides no view on whether FLOW, itself, constitutes a security. While the Howey analysis for Moments is separate from that pertaining to FLOW, the economic realities and technological interplay between FLOW, the Flow Blockchain, and Moments, as alleged by Plaintiffs, are what supports the Court’s conclusions TLDR - If you are gonna issue NFTs dont issue them on your own centralized shit chain.

Alarmed-Audience9258

Top shot was one of the first so it will definitely pump with the bull. FLOW is their token if I'm not mistaken.

switched133

For sure! It looks like Ticketmaster bought a blockchain and NFT company in 2018, so they've been developing blockchain tech since at least 2018. It also looks like their NFTs are on the [FLOW blockchain.](https://techcrunch.com/2022/08/31/ticketmaster-taps-the-flow-blockchain-to-let-event-organizers-issue-nfts-tied-to-tickets/)

coinfeeds-bot

tldr; SAND, the native token of The Sandbox, hit a three-month high of $0.93 on Wednesday morning. SAND has risen 25% over the past 24 hours. Enjin Coin, which powers the eponymous online gaming platform, ENJIN, is up 85%. ImmutableX (IMX), Flow (FLOW), Decentraland (MANA), and Axie Infinity (AXS) are also on the rise. *This summary is auto generated by a bot and not meant to replace reading the original article. As always, DYOR.*

jspartanlee

FLOW went from $42 to $1 (without being a LUNA-like fraud)

Odysseus_Lannister

Interesting, never heard of FLOW. Will do more research on it. I also feel XMR is often under appreciated and under used.

IntoxiCaitlyn

FLOW, one of the noob friendliest blockchains out there. Solid projects on it. Fast and cheap transactions. And my love XMR. Never see it mentioned enough. Imo, it should be in the top five by market cap. Mind blowing that it’s currently sitting at 26.

solemnJoker

WAXP is probably in a similar boat with FLOW. Big partnerships, but little exposure to the crypto community. Probably something along the lines of: Crypto popularity != Big brand popularity

milonuttigrain

Top shakers: AXS -10.3% GMX -9.9% FLOW -9.4% IMX -9.3% MANA -9.2%

b_whiqq

Wow FLOW truly doesn’t give a fuck.

JERMYNC

"Ethereum (ETH), which this year went through the major Merge upgrade, has assumed fourth place, followed by Internet Computer (ICP), Elrond (EGLD), Flow (FLOW) Optimism (OP), Aptos (APT), and Polygon (MATIC), which ranked 10th."

JERMYNC

The list: Indeed, Cardano has been ranked as the top blockchain protocol by development activity in 2022, followed by Polkadot (DOT) and Cosmos (ATOM), according to the list published by the on-chain and social metrics platform Santiment on December 30. Ethereum (ETH), which this year went through the major Merge upgrade, has assumed fourth place, followed by Internet Computer (ICP), Elrond (EGLD), Flow (FLOW) Optimism (OP), Aptos (APT), and Polygon (MATIC), which ranked 10th.

reed5point0

[IT NEEDS TO FLOW...UP THE WALLS](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/yGleMzDipsw/maxresdefault.jpg)

solemnJoker

Yup, beside your BTC, ETH, and stables, we'll have DOT, ALGO, FLOW and SUI, plus Ethereum's ZK rollups solutions. aka pump my bags.

Cuzah

Survive, in terms of what? A successful project out of crypto? LUNAC definitely not gonna make it, I picked up some but I don’t think it has any real fundamentals going, and the scam that ruined its reputation of ever recovering either. ZCash long term even as an OG holder, would say Monero will out perform in the long term. But like David & Goliath (BTC & ETH) I expect it to be there next to XMR in the long future. FLOW has had some meaningful brand name partnerships, if the POC’s continue on to show fruits I would say it would probably be a successful survivor. I am bit skeptical with some of their success due to some partnership announcements that are now partnered with other platforms instead. There also coins I am ignorant about in the top 100, but VET will definitely be a survivor like it was in 2018, or even in the long term for sure. Very professional, regulatory compliant chain for every country it operates in, major partnerships from giant name brands from each region like EU, Asia, and now entering the US slowly. Cardano has a future imo. Especially in the future if Charles is not involved with PR, or even as the face of ADA. It has good fundamentals.

daBiggaFigga

My picks are $FLOW and $CRV may make it.

FMFqp

I've seen KAS somewhere but never really looked into the utilities. My focus lately has been on metaverse gems like HERO, RIDE and FLOW which have shown potential for the long term.

AnonymousLurkster

FLOW. Ignore the line. It went down due to ICO tokens vesting, but actual dollars in the system more than doubled over the same time. Heaps of high profile products and end goal of full open source and decentralized. Fully scalable due to unique arch, and cadence is light years ahead of solidity.

partymsl

DOT and ALGO are sold and more safe plays. FLOW and IMX for more risk more reward. Makes sense according to me.

Electroniclog

**PAYMENT FOR ORDER FLOW** ------------------------------------------------------- Fuck off, fidelity.

SaltyBaoBaos

I thought instagram was using FLOW?

royale442

ETH, MATIC, FLOW, DOT, ADA, FTM,AVAX, etc.

Drew-Money

Why does nobody like FLOW even though they have a BD team behind them that rivals Polygon’s?

Smiling_Jack_

In alphabetical order: ATOM AVAX BNB FLOW MATIC (technically a sidechain not L1) OSMO SOL Note that I don't necessarily plan on holding all of these for a significant period of time.

FMFqp

Why struggle so much to time the market when you can just dollar cost average and keep the accumulation on a steady rate. At least that is what I do for my BNB, FLOW, RIDE and SOL after every two weeks.

rjm101

My effort in order to try and capture some of this was by buying FLOW token because they have NBA topshot which dominated NFT trade volume, as well as UFC & NFL collections.

PostmortemFacefuck

and Dapper Labs/ FLOW blockchain already has: NFL All Day NBA Top Shot UFC Strike just launched La Liga + like 5 more like cricket and stuff

Vast_Advantage_7913

More maritime law references... The ANCHOR for CURRENCIES and cash FLOW. The central BANKing system can go. The central banks are the slave ships of all of humanity. I don't believe a perfect utopia is possible but I know we would all be better off with free banking.

dropdx

My portfolio: **BTC **ETH **SOL **MATIC **FLOW **ROSE

Schemesymcplots

Should be a nice airdrop of $FLOW tokens to dapper wallet users tomorrow. Might be too late for the snapshot but can’t hurt to make a dapper wallet just in case. (They’re the top shot nfl all day guys)

n1ghsthade

Why is FLOW evil?

oopssomething

Buy FLOW, evil always wins

Empty_Art_8988

It will shine for sure, and that's make it a very good time to DCA on the token and ad more to the wallet, but I am also adding SOL, FLOW and OGN to the list.

Empty_Art_8988

I still also have much believe in most of these coins, not only ALGO, but including coins like FLOW, SOL and OGN.

Empty_Art_8988

Most coins are actually down atm, you may want to look into SOL, OGN and FLOW they are great utility driven projects, you can consider anyone of them for the long term goals.

Empty_Art_8988

ALGO will surely come back, just like other coins like SOL, OGN, FLOW etc...

Empty_Art_8988

Unfortunately, ONE and LUNA couldn't make it this far. I lost some of my capital into LUNA. Right now, my best bets are SOL, FLOW and OGN.

Empty_Art_8988

There was a time I was holding DOT before selling it. At the moment, I am actually DCA'ing on more SOL, OGN and FLOW.

Empty_Art_8988

Not one coin actually, I am still strongly bullish on FLOW, OGN and SOL.

Empty_Art_8988

I believe this makes it a very good time to go harder on most of the coins tht are -90% down. I'm actually considering SOL, OGN and FLOW at the moment.

novalogic8472

Bought FLOW when it was first listen on kraken for around 7.5. Sold at about 17. Last I checked it was around 1.

RailGame

$FLOW . Still believe in it.

Smiling_Jack_

FLOW, though I don't hold any personally.

Ben-NuFi

This is very useful -- really nice work! You mentioned wallets compatible with Ledger and Trezor for staking -- I'd like to add some more Proof of Stake options for your reference: **Ledger Nano X:** Cardano (ADA): NuFi Solana (SOL): NuFi Flow (FLOW): NuFi **Trezor model T:** Cardano (ADA): NuFi == For your reference, users can connect their Ledger or Trezor devices to NuFi to stake the ADA, SOL and FLOW in their hardware wallets. NuFi is non-custodial and compatible with dApps -- this means a user can also connect their hardware wallet's Cardano, Solana or Flow account to decentralized applications via [NuFi's browser extension](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/nufi/gpnihlnnodeiiaakbikldcihojploeca) (and do dApp things like buy/sell NFTs, trade tokens, DeFi, and so on)

Capital-Physics4042

FLOW bad tokenomics. Centralized funding, will dump on you poor retail

i_reddit_at_reddit

Thoughts on FLOW? Seems to have some good partnerships. Not sure about tokenomics though

j592dk_91_c3w-h_d_r

I just took a flyer on some FLOW. Ask me anything.

PositiveUse

MARKETCAP IS NOT!!!! MONEY IN/OUT FLOW, drop this shit

oopssomething

What happend to FLOW? Last time I checked it was at $5, its just gone now.

ApocryphalVegan

Why don’t we ever talk about CELO or FLOW?

daBiggaFigga

My previous DCA plan, since 2017, was to just make bi-weekly buys with fiat on Coinbase. Spread between BTC, ETH, and LTC. It was simple and everything stayed there. I changed it up earlier this year right before the bear market to buy only USDC weekly via Coinbase, to avoid those strange network fees. Then transfer the USDC to another CEX that supported DCA bots, like KuCoin. It also greatly helps that Coinbase now supports other chains like Polygon, with minimal gas fees. Before, I would transfer the USDC via ETH network at slow times like nights or the weekend, to avoid high gas fees. With the bots, I can quickly modify the amount/frequency with any drastic market changes. With the minimums at $1 every hour. I mainly focus on only BTC, ETH, and FLOW for my DCA strategy. For other alts, I just buy dips if it's significantly lower than my cost basis. Mainly focused on L1 alts. Then make transfers to my cold wallet when things start to accumulate for a certain coin on the CEX. It makes it a bit tougher for me to calculate my overall cost basis, but I enjoy the flexibility and minimal extra fees using these methods.